【文章內容簡介】 特殊引導詞：the more … the more … 。 just as …，so…。 A is to B what /as X is to Y。 no … more than。 not A so much as BShe is as badtempered as her mother.The house is three times as big as ours.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to machine.食物之于人，猶如油之于機器。9．方式狀語從句常用引導詞：as, as if, how特殊引導詞：the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.☆10.狀語從句的簡化狀語從句的省略狀語從句同時具備下列兩個條件:①主句和從句的主語一致，或從句主語為it；②從句主要動詞是be的某種形式。從句中的主語和be動詞常可省略。例如：When ( the museum is ) pleted , the museum will be open to the public next year .He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.另外，比較狀語從句經常省略。例如：I’m taller than he (is tall ).The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).就狀語從句而言,有時為了使語言言簡意賅,常常將狀語從句進行簡化。狀語從句的簡化現(xiàn)象在口語中較為普遍,而且在高考中的復現(xiàn)率也較高。因此,有必要對其進行全面、透徹的了解。狀語從句的簡化現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語從句中:①由if, unless等引導的條件狀語從句。②由although, though, even if / though等引導的讓步狀語從句。③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引導的時間狀語從句。④由as, as if等引導的方式狀語從句。⑤由as, than等引導的比較狀語從句。下面針對這五種情形作一歸納。(1)當狀語從句的主語是it,且謂語動詞是be時,it和be要完全簡化掉。例如:If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the ,他會幫你擺脫困境。You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to ,否則你必須出席這次會議。(2)當狀語從句的主語和主句的主語一致時,從句可以將主語和be動詞簡化掉。常用于以下幾種情形:+形容詞As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a 。Whenever (she is) free, she often goes 。Work hard when (you are) young, or you39。ll ,老大徒傷悲。+名詞While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help 。Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous ,而現(xiàn)在是位著名的導演了。+現(xiàn)在分詞As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop 。Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good ,但他仍然沒有取得好成績。+過去分詞He won39。t go there with us unless (he is) ,否則他不會和我們一道去那里。The concert was a great success than (it was) 。+不定式He stood up as if (he were) to say 。He wouldn39。t solve the problem even if (he were) to take ,他也解決不了這個問題。f.連詞+介詞短語She looked anxious as though (she was) in ,好像遇到了麻煩。He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the 。注意:當從句主語和主句主語不一致時,從句部分要么用完全形式,要么用獨立主格結構來表達。例如:When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the ,人們都走出了會議室。(=The meeting over,….)第四章 倒裝結構一　全部倒裝　全部倒裝是指將句子中的謂語動詞全部置于主語之前。此結構通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時和一般過去時。常見的結構有：　1. here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語動詞常用be, e, go, lie, run。例如：　　1) There goes the bell.　鈴聲漸漸消失了?！　?) Then came the chairman.　然后主席就來了　　3) Here is your letter.　這是你的信?！?. 表示運動方向的副詞或地點狀語置于句首，謂語表示運動的動詞。例如：　　1) Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.　轟炸機下面發(fā)出了一顆導彈?！　?) Ahead sat an old woman.　注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結構的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。例如：　　1) Here he es. 他來了。　　 2) Away they went.　他們走了。二　部分倒裝　 部分倒裝是指將謂語的一部分如助動詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語之前。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需添加助動詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語之前。　，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。例如：　　1) Never have I seen such a performance. 我從來沒看過這樣的表演?！　?) Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.　你在哪兒都不會找到這個問題的答案。　　3) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.　媽媽直到孩子睡著才離開房間?！∽⒁猓寒擭ot until引出主從復合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝。　注意： 如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。例如：　　1) I have never seen such a ?！　?) The mother didn39。t leave the room until the child fell ?！?，語序需要部分倒裝。常見的詞語有： not , never , seldom , scarcely , barely , little , at no time , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly … when , no sooner …than …等。例如：　 1) Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.　他不僅拒收了禮品，還狠狠批評了送禮的人?！?2) Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她剛要出門時有個學生來找她。　 3) No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.　她剛要走時一個學生來看她。　注意：只有當Not only… but also連接兩個分句時，才在第一個分句用倒裝結構。如果置于句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個并列詞語，不可用倒裝結構。例如：　 Not only you but also I am fond of music.　我和你都喜歡音樂。 也、也不 的so, neither, nor放在句首時，句子作部分倒裝。例如：　 1) Tom can speak French. So can Jack.　Tom能說法語，我也能。 2) If you won39。t go, neither will I.　如果你不去，我也不去?！?注意： 當so引出的句子用以對上文內容加以證實或肯定時，不可用倒裝結構。意為的確如此。例如：　 1) Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. Tom讓我去踢足球，我去了?！?2) It39。s raining hard.　　　So it is.　雨下得很大?！〉拇_很大。 　4.　only放在句首，強調狀語（副詞，介詞短語或狀語從句等），全句語序要部分倒裝。例如： 　 Only in this way, can you learn English ?！?Only after being asked three times did he e to the meeting.　他被請了三次才來開會?！∽⒁猓喝绻渥訛橹鲝膹秃暇洌瑒t主句倒裝，從句不倒裝　 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 他只有病得非常嚴重時才會臥床休息。三　as, though 引導的倒裝句 　 as / though引導的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前 （形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實義動詞提前）。此時應注意：1) 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞；2) 句首是實義動詞, 其他助動詞放在主語后。如果實義動詞有賓語和狀語,隨實義動詞一起放在主語之前。例如：　　 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.　盡管他愿意努力工作，但是他好像從來都不能令他的工作満意。　注意:　讓步狀語從句中，有though，although時，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。四　其他部分倒裝 　1. so… that 句型中的so 位于句首時，需倒裝。例如：　　 So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.　他害怕得動都不敢動?！?.　在某些表示祝愿的句型中，例如：　　May you all be happy.　望大家開心愉快。　3.　在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語之前，采取部分倒裝。例如：　 Were I you, I would try it again.　如果我是你，我就再試一次。第五章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配　　It 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英語語法的重點、難點，又是近幾年高考的熱點，因此應給予充分的重視，現(xiàn)將it用法歸納如下：一、It用作實詞　　表達以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的內容；指代一位性別不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但談話雙方都知道的那件事；指代時間、天氣、氣候、距離等自然現(xiàn)象…… 二、It用作形式主語 　　替代作主語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞，而把真正作主語的從句、動詞不定式、動名詞置于句尾。 It 作形式主語的常見句型： 1. 代作主語的動詞不定式，其句型為 (1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth. 此處adj. 通常為描述事件的形容詞：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, wellmannered, illmannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous… 例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license. (2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth. 此處adj. 通常為描述人的形容詞：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless