【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the more … the more … 。 just as …，so…。 A is to B what /as X is to Y。 no … more than。 not A so much as BShe is as badtempered as her mother.The house is three times as big as ours.The more you exercise, the healthier you will be.Food is to men what oil is to machine.食物之于人，猶如油之于機(jī)器。9．方式狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as, as if, how特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.☆10.狀語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化狀語(yǔ)從句的省略狀語(yǔ)從句同時(shí)具備下列兩個(gè)條件:①主句和從句的主語(yǔ)一致，或從句主語(yǔ)為it；②從句主要?jiǎng)釉~是be的某種形式。從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞?？墒÷?。例如：When ( the museum is ) pleted , the museum will be open to the public next year .He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.另外，比較狀語(yǔ)從句經(jīng)常省略。例如：I’m taller than he (is tall ).The higher the temperature (is), the greater the pressure (is ).就狀語(yǔ)從句而言,有時(shí)為了使語(yǔ)言言簡(jiǎn)意賅,常常將狀語(yǔ)從句進(jìn)行簡(jiǎn)化。狀語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化現(xiàn)象在口語(yǔ)中較為普遍,而且在高考中的復(fù)現(xiàn)率也較高。因此,有必要對(duì)其進(jìn)行全面、透徹的了解。狀語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語(yǔ)從句中:①由if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。②由although, though, even if / though等引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語(yǔ)從句。③由when, while, as, before, after, until / till等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)從句。④由as, as if等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句。⑤由as, than等引導(dǎo)的比較狀語(yǔ)從句。下面針對(duì)這五種情形作一歸納。(1)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)是it,且謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞是be時(shí),it和be要完全簡(jiǎn)化掉。例如:If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the ,他會(huì)幫你擺脫困境。You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to ,否則你必須出席這次會(huì)議。(2)當(dāng)狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)和主句的主語(yǔ)一致時(shí),從句可以將主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞簡(jiǎn)化掉。常用于以下幾種情形:+形容詞As (he was) young, he learned how to ride a 。Whenever (she is) free, she often goes 。Work hard when (you are) young, or you39。ll ,老大徒傷悲。+名詞While (he was) a young boy, he was always ready to help 。Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous ,而現(xiàn)在是位著名的導(dǎo)演了。+現(xiàn)在分詞As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop 。Although (he is) doing his best in maths these days, he has still got no good ,但他仍然沒(méi)有取得好成績(jī)。+過(guò)去分詞He won39。t go there with us unless (he is) ,否則他不會(huì)和我們一道去那里。The concert was a great success than (it was) 。+不定式He stood up as if (he were) to say 。He wouldn39。t solve the problem even if (he were) to take ,他也解決不了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。f.連詞+介詞短語(yǔ)She looked anxious as though (she was) in ,好像遇到了麻煩。He had mastered the English language before (he was) in the 。注意:當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí),從句部分要么用完全形式,要么用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如:When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the ,人們都走出了會(huì)議室。(=The meeting over,….)第四章 倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)一　全部倒裝　全部倒裝是指將句子中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞全部置于主語(yǔ)之前。此結(jié)構(gòu)通常只用與一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)。常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有：　1. here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用be, e, go, lie, run。例如：　　1) There goes the bell.　鈴聲漸漸消失了?！　?) Then came the chairman.　然后主席就來(lái)了　　3) Here is your letter.　這是你的信?！?. 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)置于句首，謂語(yǔ)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。例如：　　1) Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.　轟炸機(jī)下面發(fā)出了一顆導(dǎo)彈。　　2) Ahead sat an old woman.　注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結(jié)構(gòu)的主語(yǔ)必須是名詞，如果主語(yǔ)是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。例如：　　1) Here he es. 他來(lái)了?！　? 2) Away they went.　他們走了。二　部分倒裝　 部分倒裝是指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前。如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。　，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until… 等。例如：　　1) Never have I seen such a performance. 我從來(lái)沒(méi)看過(guò)這樣的表演?！　?) Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.　你在哪兒都不會(huì)找到這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案?！　?) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.　媽媽直到孩子睡著才離開(kāi)房間?！∽⒁猓寒?dāng)Not until引出主從復(fù)合句，主句倒裝，從句不倒裝?！∽⒁猓?如否定詞不在句首不倒裝。例如：　　1) I have never seen such a ?！　?) The mother didn39。t leave the room until the child fell ?！?，語(yǔ)序需要部分倒裝。常見(jiàn)的詞語(yǔ)有： not , never , seldom , scarcely , barely , little , at no time , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly … when , no sooner …than …等。例如：　 1) Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.　他不僅拒收了禮品，還狠狠批評(píng)了送禮的人?！?2) Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her. 她剛要出門時(shí)有個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)找她?！?3) No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.　她剛要走時(shí)一個(gè)學(xué)生來(lái)看她?！∽⒁猓褐挥挟?dāng)Not only… but also連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。如果置于句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語(yǔ)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：　 Not only you but also I am fond of music.　我和你都喜歡音樂(lè)。 也、也不 的so, neither, nor放在句首時(shí)，句子作部分倒裝。例如：　 1) Tom can speak French. So can Jack.　Tom能說(shuō)法語(yǔ)，我也能。 2) If you won39。t go, neither will I.　如果你不去，我也不去?！?注意： 當(dāng)so引出的句子用以對(duì)上文內(nèi)容加以證實(shí)或肯定時(shí)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。意為的確如此。例如：　 1) Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. Tom讓我去踢足球，我去了?！?2) It39。s raining hard.　　　So it is.　雨下得很大?！〉拇_很大。 　4.　only放在句首，強(qiáng)調(diào)狀語(yǔ)（副詞，介詞短語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)從句等），全句語(yǔ)序要部分倒裝。例如： 　 Only in this way, can you learn English ?！?Only after being asked three times did he e to the meeting.　他被請(qǐng)了三次才來(lái)開(kāi)會(huì)?！∽⒁猓喝绻渥訛橹鲝膹?fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝　 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 他只有病得非常嚴(yán)重時(shí)才會(huì)臥床休息。三　as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句 　 as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前 （形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前）。此時(shí)應(yīng)注意：1) 句首名詞不能帶任何冠詞；2) 句首是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞, 其他助動(dòng)詞放在主語(yǔ)后。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ),隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語(yǔ)之前。例如：　　 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.　盡管他愿意努力工作，但是他好像從來(lái)都不能令他的工作満意。　注意:　讓步狀語(yǔ)從句中，有though，although時(shí)，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用。四　其他部分倒裝 　1. so… that 句型中的so 位于句首時(shí)，需倒裝。例如：　　 So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.　他害怕得動(dòng)都不敢動(dòng)。　2.　在某些表示祝愿的句型中，例如：　　May you all be happy.　望大家開(kāi)心愉快?！?.　在虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句中從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語(yǔ)之前，采取部分倒裝。例如：　 Were I you, I would try it again.　如果我是你，我就再試一次。第五章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配　　It 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)，又是近幾年高考的熱點(diǎn)，因此應(yīng)給予充分的重視，現(xiàn)將it用法歸納如下：一、It用作實(shí)詞　　表達(dá)以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的內(nèi)容；指代一位性別不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但談話雙方都知道的那件事；指代時(shí)間、天氣、氣候、距離等自然現(xiàn)象…… 二、It用作形式主語(yǔ) 　　替代作主語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞，而把真正作主語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞置于句尾。 It 作形式主語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)句型： 1. 代作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式，其句型為 (1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth. 此處adj. 通常為描述事件的形容詞：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, wellmannered, illmannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous… 例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license. (2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth. 此處adj. 通常為描述人的形容詞：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless