【正文】 e support of the people.3) But △the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) △The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四. 同位語(yǔ)從句同位語(yǔ)從句就是在復(fù)合句中作名詞的同位語(yǔ)的名詞性從句。定語(yǔ)從句通常出現(xiàn)在先行詞之后，由關(guān)系詞（關(guān)系代詞或關(guān)系副詞）引出。t work hard will never succeed in his work.④在There be句型中There is a stranger who wants to see you.⑤在被分隔的定語(yǔ)從句中A new teacher will e tomorrow who will teach you German.⑥在有兩個(gè)定語(yǔ)從句的句子中，其一用who，其二用that,但若先行詞后接兩個(gè)以上的并列定語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，后一個(gè)必須重復(fù)前一個(gè)關(guān)系代詞。m surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem.注意：①在非限制性定語(yǔ)從句中，介詞+ which結(jié)構(gòu)不能代替關(guān)系副詞。As we all know, he never smokes.(2) as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，從句中的謂語(yǔ)必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which。I know how to light a camp fire because I had done it before .（原因狀語(yǔ)從句）狀語(yǔ)的位置比較靈活，可以位于句首、句末或句中。地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：where特殊引導(dǎo)詞：wherever, anywhere, everywhereGenerally, air will be heavily polluted where there are factories.Wherever you go, you should work hard.3．一般用在句首 A is to B what /as X is to Y。從句中的主語(yǔ)和be動(dòng)詞?？墒÷浴＂苡蒩s, as if等引導(dǎo)的方式狀語(yǔ)從句。Whenever (she is) free, she often goes 。t go there with us unless (he is) ,否則他不會(huì)和我們一道去那里。注意:當(dāng)從句主語(yǔ)和主句主語(yǔ)不一致時(shí),從句部分要么用完全形式,要么用獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)表達(dá)。例如：　　1) Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.　轟炸機(jī)下面發(fā)出了一顆導(dǎo)彈?！　?) Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.　你在哪兒都不會(huì)找到這個(gè)問(wèn)題的答案。常見(jiàn)的詞語(yǔ)有： not , never , seldom , scarcely , barely , little , at no time , not only , not once , under on condition , hardly … when , no sooner …than …等。例如：　 1) Tom can speak French. So can Jack.　Tom能說(shuō)法語(yǔ)，我也能?！〉拇_很大。例如：　　 Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.　盡管他愿意努力工作，但是他好像從來(lái)都不能令他的工作満意。 It 作形式主語(yǔ)的常見(jiàn)句型： 1. 代作主語(yǔ)的動(dòng)詞不定式，其句型為 (1) It be adj. (for sb.) to do sth. 此處adj. 通常為描述事件的形容詞：easy, difficult, hard, necessary, unnecessary, possible, impossible, likely, unlikely, right, wrong, important, unimportant, legal, illegal, wellmannered, illmannered, polite, impolite, clear, obvious, certain, suitable, proper, fit, useful, useless, dangerous… 例 It is illegal (for a teenager) to drive a car without a license. (2) It be adj. of sb. to do sth. 此處adj. 通常為描述人的形容詞：kind, unkind, nice, rude, cruel, considerate, thoughtful, thoughtless, careful, careless, silly, foolish, stupid, clever, wise, crazy. 例 It39。s surprising that… (should)………竟然…… It39。s the third time that he has failed the driving test. 5. It is/has been… since …continuous ved(延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞) 某動(dòng)作已有多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間不發(fā)生了 例 It39。t mind, be fond of, feel like, see to 賓語(yǔ)從句緊跟it之后 例 I hate it you can swim so well and I can39。s hard to make it to the top in show business. (2).在口語(yǔ)中相當(dāng)于fix the date for,表示“約定好時(shí)間” 例 —Shall we meet next week? —OK. We just make it next Saturday. 2. as it is (1).相當(dāng)于in fact, in reality表示“事實(shí)上，實(shí)際情況是……” 例 We had planed to finish the task today, but as it is we probably won39。s so much. 表示“至此為止，沒(méi)有別的了” 例 You can have one more sweet, and that39。ll be punished.) 14. As it happened, … 在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于it39。s worth it. 21. Believe it or “信不信由你” 例 Believe it or not, Tom is getting married to Mary next Sunday. 22. Take it or leave it. v. 要么接受要么放棄 例 That is my last offer. You can take it or leave it. 23. It all depends/that all depends 在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于it hasn39。5. each of + 復(fù)數(shù)代詞, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 復(fù)數(shù)代詞+each, :Each of us has something to say. 我們每個(gè)人都有話(huà)要說(shuō)。 以ics 結(jié)尾的學(xué)科名稱(chēng)如: physics, mathematics, economics。Most of the apples were rotten. 大部分的蘋(píng)果都是爛的。Where is your wife and children to stay while you are away?你不在這兒的時(shí)候, 你愛(ài)人和孩子在哪兒呆呢？2. 用連詞or, either.... or, neither….nor, not only….but also 等連接的并列主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與靠近它的主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上一致。3. :Fifteen minus five is ten . 15減去5等于10。 以及The United Nations聯(lián)合國(guó) 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 但在代表不可數(shù)的東西時(shí)總是看作單數(shù),因而謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù). 如:None of us are (is) perfect. 人無(wú)完人。s up to you.第六章 主謂一致 主謂一致，: He is going abroad. They are playing football.　可分為:語(yǔ)法一致, 內(nèi)容一致, 就近一致.(一) 語(yǔ)法一致原則: 即主語(yǔ)為單數(shù),謂語(yǔ)用單數(shù),主語(yǔ)為復(fù)數(shù),謂語(yǔ)也用復(fù)數(shù). 以下為注意事項(xiàng):1. 單數(shù)主語(yǔ)即使后面帶有with , along with, together with, like(象), but (除了),except, besides, as well as, no less than, rather than(而不是), including, in addition to 引導(dǎo)的短語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù).如: Air as well as water is matter. 空氣和水都是物質(zhì).No one except two servants was late for the dinner. 除了兩個(gè)仆人外, 沒(méi)有一個(gè)人遲來(lái)用餐。m not sure it39。ll really catch it form our teacher if we39。t for Tom, I wouldn39。 在使用強(qiáng)調(diào)句型時(shí)需注意以下幾點(diǎn)： 1. 請(qǐng)注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型的特殊疑問(wèn)句 例 When was it that he changed his mind to take part in the activity？ 2. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)原因狀語(yǔ)從句時(shí)，只能強(qiáng)調(diào)由because所引導(dǎo)的從句 例 It was because he was ill that he didn39。s) doing (adj.=useless/worth/worthwhile)(noun=no use/no good/worth one39。s (just)(un)like sb. to do…（不）像某人做某事的風(fēng)格 例 It was (just) like him to think of helping us. 3. It39。s (well)worth one39?！?.　在某些表示祝愿的句型中，例如：　　May you all be happy.　望大家開(kāi)心愉快。　注意：如果句子為主從復(fù)合句，則主句倒裝，從句不倒裝　 Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed. 他只有病得非常嚴(yán)重時(shí)才會(huì)臥床休息。意為的確如此。　注意：只有當(dāng)Not only… but also連接兩個(gè)分句時(shí)，才在第一個(gè)分句用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)。例如：　　1) I have never seen such a 。二　部分倒裝　 部分倒裝是指將謂語(yǔ)的一部分如助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)倒裝至主語(yǔ)之前。常見(jiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)有：　1. here, there, now, then, thus等副詞置于句首, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用be, e, go, lie, run。t solve the problem even if (he were) to take ,他也解決不了這個(gè)問(wèn)題。Although (he was) a farmer, now he is a famous ,而現(xiàn)在是位著名的導(dǎo)演了。例如:If (it is) possible, he will help you out of the ,他會(huì)幫你擺脫困境。因此,有必要對(duì)其進(jìn)行全面、透徹的了解。9．The old man always enjoys swimming even though the weather is rough.No matter how hard he tried, she could not change her mind.He won’t listen whatever you may say.8．結(jié)果狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：so … that, so… that, such … that,特殊引導(dǎo)詞：such that, to the degree that, to the extent that, to such a degree that,He got up so early that he caught the first bus.It’s such a good chance that we must not miss it.To such an degree was he excited that he couldn’t sleep last night.6．盡管種類(lèi)較多，但由于狀語(yǔ)從句與漢語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)和用法相似，所以理解和掌握它并不難。I should like to use the same tool as is used here.We should have such a dic