【正文】 f the best novels that was published last year.③先行詞是序數(shù)詞時(shí)或被序數(shù)詞修飾時(shí)。s that which she is looking at? ⑥先行詞是those+ shop should keep a stock of those goods which sell best.(B)who amp。as we all can see（正如我們看到的）。一、that在定語從句中作表語時(shí)。例如:The reason(why/that)he failed was his 。t know the exact time(when/ that)the sports meeting will take 。例如:Mr Green, whom you know, is the tallest in our ,你也認(rèn)識(shí)他。You have many people around you(whom)you always turn to and whom you will never ,你經(jīng)常向他們求助,你永遠(yuǎn)不要忘記他們。還要培養(yǎng)學(xué)生探索求真知的精神，對(duì)學(xué)生進(jìn)行實(shí)踐觀點(diǎn)的教育。教學(xué)中要注意培養(yǎng)學(xué)生對(duì)英語的興趣，充分發(fā)揮主體作用，迎合他們好奇、好動(dòng)、好強(qiáng)的心理特點(diǎn)，調(diào)動(dòng)他們學(xué)習(xí)的積極性和主動(dòng)性。學(xué)源于思，思源于疑，一上課便以聽歌曲填空的形式引入課題，引導(dǎo)學(xué)生分析歌詞中的有關(guān)定語從句的句子，認(rèn)真分析句子成分，使學(xué)生產(chǎn)生強(qiáng)烈的求知欲和好奇心，調(diào)動(dòng)學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的積極性和主動(dòng)性。在講解關(guān)系詞that和which、who和that、as和which這一環(huán)節(jié)時(shí)，我先讓學(xué)說出它們的特殊用法，然后我再進(jìn)一步加以闡述。定語從句中宜用which而不宜用that的情況。b、在意義上，as定語從句和主句的關(guān)系一般為一致關(guān)系，常譯為“正如……”，“就象……”，而which定語從句和主句的關(guān)系是因果關(guān)系，或which從句是對(duì)主句的評(píng)論。反饋和鞏固在講解完所有語法點(diǎn)之后，為了更加有效地鞏固所復(fù)習(xí)的知識(shí)，我設(shè)計(jì)了兩種有針對(duì)性的習(xí)題練習(xí)，讓學(xué)生把掌握的知識(shí)運(yùn)用于實(shí)際語言操作中，從而達(dá)到知能并重的目的。1）who, whom, that這些詞代替的先行詞是人的名詞或代詞，在從句中作主語和賓語。（which / that在句中作賓語） 關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句關(guān)系副詞可代替的先行詞是時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)或理由的名詞，在從句中作狀語。及物動(dòng)詞后面無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。 this museum ___ you visited a few days age? which one this the museum ____ the exhibition was which one 答案：例1 D，例2 A例1變?yōu)榭隙ň洌?This museum is ___ you visited a few days ： This is the museum ___ the exhibition was ，所缺部分為賓語，而where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選D。（非限制性）2）當(dāng)先行詞是專有名詞或物主代詞和指示代詞所修飾時(shí)，其后的定語從句通常是非限制性的。 介詞+關(guān)系詞1）介詞后面的關(guān)系詞不能省略。The sun heats the earth, which is very important to ，這對(duì)我們?nèi)祟惡苤匾＃?）as 代表前面的整個(gè)主句并在從句中作主語時(shí)，從句中的謂語必須是系動(dòng)詞；若為行為動(dòng)詞，則從句中的關(guān)系代詞只能用which.。As is known, smoking is harmful to one39。2）who= the person that whoever= anyone who。 關(guān)系代詞that 的用法 1）不用that的情況a）引導(dǎo)非限定性定語從句時(shí)。例如：All that is needed is a supply of 。s the hotel last we stayed that we stayed we stayed at we stayed doctor did all to save the wounded he could he could which he could which he could do this opinion may speak againsts against is against are against placeyou are standing used to be an old 39。d most like to visit I like to visit most I39。b）在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, the one, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時(shí)，只用that，不用which。賓語從句和表語從句中的that常可省略。that/what。常帶有39。which可代替句子，用于非限定性定語從句，而what不可。This is the house where I lived two years you remember the day on which you joined our club? 還記得你加入我們俱樂部的那一天嗎？Do you remember the day when you joined our club? as, which 非限定性定語從句由as, which 引導(dǎo)的非限定性定語從句，as和which可代整個(gè)主句，相當(dāng)于and this或and that。3）非限制性定語從句還能將整個(gè)主句作為先行詞, 對(duì)其進(jìn)行修飾, 這時(shí)從句謂語動(dòng)詞要用第三人稱單數(shù)。 限制性和非限制性定語從句1）定語從句有限制性和非限制性兩種。判斷改錯(cuò)：（錯(cuò)）This is the mountain village where I visited last year.（錯(cuò)）I will never forget the days when I spent in the countryside.（對(duì)）This is the mountain village（which）I visited last year.（對(duì)）I39。Is this the reason why（for which）he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？2）that代替關(guān)系副詞，可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和“介+which”引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在口語中that常被省略。Please pass me the book whose（of which）cover is 。關(guān)系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which等。a、在從句中代替先行詞。二、who和that的特殊用法：who、that在許多情況下可以通用，但有時(shí)宜用who不用that。b、先行詞是all,something,nothing,anything等不定 代詞時(shí),只能用that。通過分析例句，培養(yǎng)了學(xué)生的分析能力、觀察能力，增強(qiáng)了他們的感性認(rèn)識(shí)。充分體現(xiàn)以教師為主導(dǎo)，以學(xué)生為主體的原則。因此這個(gè)知識(shí)點(diǎn)既是本節(jié)課的重點(diǎn)又是難點(diǎn)。定語從句掌握地扎實(shí)與否關(guān)系到一個(gè)學(xué)生英語水平的高低。This is the same book that I read the day before 。(注意:句末不可用介詞in)同學(xué)們往往認(rèn)為關(guān)系代詞作賓語時(shí)就一定可以省略,關(guān)系代詞雖作賓語,卻不能省略。That was the way(in which / that)she worked the problem 。m not the fool(that)you thought 。My brother enjoyed playing basketball, which he really plays , which he was born in, is our .“介詞+關(guān)系代詞（介賓代物）”中關(guān)系代詞只能用which。The meeting was put off, as /which was exactly what we was a doctor, as/which I knew from his 、不同點(diǎn)，也可插入主句之中；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性從句只能位于主句之后。 is the book that you like best? is the man that is standing at the gate? ⑨主句是There be 結(jié)構(gòu)，修飾其主句的定語從句宜用that ： is still a seat in the corner that is still free.⑩被修飾成分為表語時(shí)，或者關(guān)系代詞本身是定語從句的表語時(shí),39。s father, who arrived just now, is a famous set up a separate state of their own, where they would be free to keep Negroes as was proud, which his brother never was.Ⅴ.幾個(gè)易混淆的關(guān)系代詞的比較: ●that amp。如: This is the way(that)/in which I do such : Please do the experiment in the way（that/which）I have shown you.Ⅳ.限制性定語從句與非限制性定語從句的區(qū)別： ，非限制性定語從句往往用逗號(hào)隔開。先行詞為reason 時(shí)，可用for which指代；當(dāng)關(guān)系詞在從句中作主語或賓語時(shí)，則用which或that 引導(dǎo)。5)where定語從句修飾抽象名詞position It’s put me in a position where I can’t afford to take the 。如果定語從句修飾point，situation，part，condition和case等表示抽象意義的詞，關(guān)系詞在定語從句中充當(dāng)狀語時(shí)，常用where 引導(dǎo)，意思是“到了某種地步，在某種境況中”。He met his wife in the park where they fell in love with each ，就是在那里，他們相愛了。 was a foreigner, as I knew from his accent.(賓語, 先行詞是前面整個(gè)句子)Ⅲ.關(guān)系副詞引導(dǎo)的定語從句: ●When 指時(shí)間，在定語從句中作時(shí)間狀語。t do such things as you are not sure is no such place as you dream of in all this ：I live in the same house that he used to live 39。This is my pair of glasses, without which I cannot see is the book for which you asked.=This is the book(that/which)you asked you know the person with whom I shook hands？= Do you know the person(whom/who/that)I shook hands with? The beginning of agriculture was a big step in human progress with which nothing could pare until our information the dark street, there wasn39。He planted two trees last year, both of which are growing ，這兩棵樹都長得好。，一般只用 of whom 和 of which。s a man(whom/who/that)we should learn child whose parents are dead is called an orphan.（指人）I39。不可置于介詞后作賓語)如： letter that/which is written in pencil is difficult to read.(主語) you know the gentleman that/who spoke just now? can take anything(that)you like.（賓語） is the question(that/which)they are talking about? is the man(who/whom/that)you want to 39。定語從句一般緊接在先行詞(antecedent)后面。例如： As is known to us all , the earth turns around the earth , as is known to us all , turns around the earth turns around the sun , as is known to us earth turns around the sun , which our parents once told us when we were very ：as 引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句與主句之間有著較為密切的上下文聯(lián)系，as本身含有“正如”之意；而which引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句與主句之間在邏輯意義上近似并列句，which本身表示“這”或“這一點(diǎn)”之意。例如： Is there anything that you wan