【正文】 e before (he was) in the ?！?. 表示運(yùn)動(dòng)方向的副詞或地點(diǎn)狀語(yǔ)置于句首，謂語(yǔ)表示運(yùn)動(dòng)的動(dòng)詞。例如：　　1) Never have I seen such a performance. 我從來(lái)沒(méi)看過(guò)這樣的表演?！?，語(yǔ)序需要部分倒裝。 也、也不 的so, neither, nor放在句首時(shí)，句子作部分倒裝。s raining hard.　　　So it is.　雨下得很大。如果實(shí)義動(dòng)詞有賓語(yǔ)和狀語(yǔ),隨實(shí)義動(dòng)詞一起放在主語(yǔ)之前。第五章 “It”用法及其句型和固定搭配　　It 用法及其句型和固定搭配，是高中英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)法的重點(diǎn)、難點(diǎn)，又是近幾年高考的熱點(diǎn)，因此應(yīng)給予充分的重視，現(xiàn)將it用法歸納如下：一、It用作實(shí)詞　　表達(dá)以下概念:指代前文提到的事物，前文中的this, that；替代前文中的內(nèi)容；指代一位性別不明的小孩或未知的人；指代未指明但談話雙方都知道的那件事；指代時(shí)間、天氣、氣候、距離等自然現(xiàn)象…… 二、It用作形式主語(yǔ) 　　替代作主語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞，而把真正作主語(yǔ)的從句、動(dòng)詞不定式、動(dòng)名詞置于句尾。s no use crying over spilt milk. 2. It替代作主語(yǔ)的從句常見句型 (1) It is + noun +從句 例 It is no secret that the president wants to have a second term at office. (2) It is adj. +clause It39。s the xth time (that) … have ved…第幾次做某事了 例 It39。t bother to arrange anything. Just leave it to me to sort out. 6. It用在不能直接跟賓語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞后面，尤其是表示好惡的動(dòng)詞后，enjoy, like, love, dislike, resent, hate, don39。clock when he came here yesterday.(定語(yǔ)從句) 六、It 常用的固定搭配 1. make it (1).在口語(yǔ)當(dāng)中相當(dāng)于succeed,表示：成功、做到、說(shuō)定、趕上、及時(shí)到達(dá) 例 It39。s all. That39。ll catch it! (You39。t hesitate about it! It39。4. 用連接的并列主語(yǔ)被each, every 或no修飾時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù).Every boy and every girl likes to go swimming. 每個(gè)男孩和每個(gè)女孩都喜歡去游泳.No teacher and no student was absent from the meeting. 沒(méi)有老師也沒(méi)有學(xué)生開會(huì)缺席.Each man and (each) woman is asked to help. 每個(gè)男人和每個(gè)女人都被請(qǐng)去幫忙。9. 形復(fù)意單名詞如:news 。60%of the apple was eaten by little boy. 這個(gè)蘋果的60%都被這個(gè)小男孩吃了。6. the +形容詞/過(guò)去分詞形式”表示一類人或事物, 作主語(yǔ)時(shí), :The injured were saved after the fire.(三) 就近原則1. 由here, there, where 等引導(dǎo)的倒裝句中, (有時(shí)主語(yǔ)不止一個(gè)時(shí)):Here es the bus 公共汽車來(lái)了.Here is a pen and some pieces of paper for you. 給你一支鋼筆和幾張紙。4. 表示時(shí)間, 金錢, 距離, 度量等的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí), 盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式, 它們做為一個(gè)單一的概念時(shí), :Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一個(gè)相當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x。10. “a +名詞+and a half “, “one and a half + 名詞”, “the number of + 名詞” 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù). 如:Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如:One or two places have been visited. 參觀了一兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)。None of this worries me. 這事一點(diǎn)不使我著急。2. 用and連接的并列主語(yǔ),如果主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人,同一事,同一概念, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù), 否則用復(fù)數(shù). 如: The poet and writer has e. 那位詩(shī)人兼作家來(lái)了.(一個(gè)人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 錘子和鋸都是有用的工具. (兩樣物)用and連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整體, 如:bread and butter(黃油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。s of value, 表示“不管其價(jià)值如何” 例 Here is the article I promise you, for what it39。re late for class again. 7. have it (1).相當(dāng)于say, insist表示“說(shuō)，主張，表明，硬說(shuō)” 例 Rumour has it that they are getting divorced. (2).相當(dāng)于get to know something,表示“了解，知道，獲悉” 例 I had it from John that she was going abroad. 8. have what it takes在口語(yǔ)中，相當(dāng)于be well qualified for, 表示“具有成功的條件” 例 You can take it from me that your daughter has what it takes to be a star. 9. so it seems / appears. 10. Keep at it! (Don39。t be alive today. 5. that39。t e to school yesterday. 3. 在強(qiáng)調(diào)not … until結(jié)構(gòu)時(shí)必須把not與until一起放到被強(qiáng)調(diào)的位置上 例 It was not until she took off her dark glasses that I realized she was my brother. 4. 注意強(qiáng)調(diào)句型與定語(yǔ)從句的區(qū)別 例 It was at 7 o39。s while/a waste of time/money/energy/words) (verb=think, believe, suppose, consider, feel, make, keep…) 例 I39。s (about/high) time that… should /ved…是該做某事的時(shí)候了 例 It39。s while doing/to do… It39?！?.　在虛擬語(yǔ)氣條件句中從句謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語(yǔ)之前，采取部分倒裝。三　as, though 引導(dǎo)的倒裝句 　 as / though引導(dǎo)的讓步從句必須將表語(yǔ)或狀語(yǔ)提前 （形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞提前）。例如：　 1) Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. Tom讓我去踢足球，我去了。如果置于句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個(gè)并列詞語(yǔ)，不可用倒裝結(jié)構(gòu)?！　?) The mother didn39。如果句中的謂語(yǔ)沒(méi)有助動(dòng)詞或情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需添加助動(dòng)詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語(yǔ)之前。例如：　　1) There goes the bell.　鈴聲漸漸消失了。f.+現(xiàn)在分詞As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop 。You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to ,否則你必須出席這次會(huì)議。狀語(yǔ)從句的簡(jiǎn)化現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語(yǔ)從句中:①由if, unless等引導(dǎo)的條件狀語(yǔ)從句。方式狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as, as if, how特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.☆10.比較狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：as(同級(jí)比較), than(不同程度的比較)特殊引導(dǎo)詞：the more … the more … 。條件狀語(yǔ)從句常用引導(dǎo)詞：if, unless,特殊引導(dǎo)詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition thatWe’ll start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.7．狀語(yǔ)從句的關(guān)鍵是要掌握引導(dǎo)不同狀語(yǔ)從句的常用連接詞和特殊的連接詞即考點(diǎn)。通常由副詞、介詞短語(yǔ)、動(dòng)詞不定式、分詞和從句等擔(dān)當(dāng)。s health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.　　as可引導(dǎo)非限制性從句，常帶有“正如”的意思。He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.e)當(dāng)主句是以who 或which 開始的特殊疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，用that 以避免重復(fù)。　　定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須在人稱上和數(shù)量上和先行詞保持一致。）（第一個(gè)that引導(dǎo)的從句是定語(yǔ)從句，that在從句中作賓語(yǔ)）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國(guó)的消息是他講的?？梢越颖碚Z(yǔ)從句的連系動(dòng)詞有be, look, remain, seem等。4. it 可以作為形式賓語(yǔ) it 不僅可以作為形式主語(yǔ)，還可以作為形式賓語(yǔ)而真正的賓語(yǔ)that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復(fù)合賓語(yǔ)的句子中。 (2) 由what, whether (if) 引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句，例如： a) She did not know what had happened.　她不知道發(fā)生了什么。 It is mon knowledge that…(2) It is ＋ 形容詞 ＋ 從句 It is natural that… It is strange that… (3) It is ＋ 不及物動(dòng)詞 ＋ 從句 It seems that… It happened that… It appears that… (4) It ＋ 過(guò)去分詞 ＋ 從句 It is reported that… It has been proved that… It is said that… 3. 主語(yǔ)從句不可位于句首的五種情況：（1）if引導(dǎo)的主語(yǔ)從句不可居于復(fù)合句句首。而it引導(dǎo)的強(qiáng)調(diào)句則是對(duì)句子某一部分進(jìn)行強(qiáng)調(diào)，無(wú)論強(qiáng)調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。希望能有所幫助。 b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.　我對(duì)你成功與否不感興趣。例如： 正確表達(dá)：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 錯(cuò)誤表達(dá)：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …結(jié)構(gòu)中的主語(yǔ)從句不可提前。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.　她對(duì)我說(shuō)她會(huì)接受我的邀請(qǐng)。這類詞后可以用不定式或動(dòng)名詞作賓語(yǔ)，但不可以用that引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句。例如：1) △The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we can’t get th