【正文】 系代詞或關系副詞）引出。例如：1) The news that he told me is that Tom would go abroad next year.（他告訴我的消息是湯姆明年將出國。例如：1) △The question is whether we can make good preparation in such a short time.2) This is why we can’t get the support of the people.3) But △the fact remains that we are behind the other classes.4) △The reason he is late for school is that he missed the early bus.四. 同位語從句同位語從句就是在復合句中作名詞的同位語的名詞性從句。三. 表語從句表語從句在復合句中作表語的名詞性從句，放在系動詞之后，一般結構是“主語＋連系動詞＋表語從句”。這類詞后可以用不定式或動名詞作賓語，但不可以用that引導的賓語從句。也可以將此類詞后的that 從句的看作原因狀語從句。例如： She told me that she would accept my invitation.　她對我說她會接受我的邀請。1. 作動詞的賓語 (1) 由that引導的賓語從句(that 通?？梢允÷?, 例如： I heard that he joined the army. 我聽說他參軍了。例如： 正確表達：It occurred to him that he failed in the examination. 錯誤表達：That he failed in the examination occurred to him. （4）It doesn’t matter how/whether …結構中的主語從句不可提前。 It is an honor that…。 b) It doesn’t interest me whether you succeed or not.　我對你成功與否不感興趣。1. It作形式主語和it引導強調(diào)句的比較It作形式主語代替主語從句，主要是為了平衡句子結構，主語從句的連接詞沒有變化。希望能有所幫助。第一章 名詞性從句　　在句子中起名詞作用的句子叫名詞性從句。而it引導的強調(diào)句則是對句子某一部分進行強調(diào)，無論強調(diào)的是什么成分，都可用連詞that。 c) It is in the morning that the murder took place.　謀殺案是在早上發(fā)生的。 It is mon knowledge that…(2) It is ＋ 形容詞 ＋ 從句 It is natural that… It is strange that… (3) It is ＋ 不及物動詞 ＋ 從句 It seems that… It happened that… It appears that… (4) It ＋ 過去分詞 ＋ 從句 It is reported that… It has been proved that… It is said that… 3. 主語從句不可位于句首的五種情況：（1）if引導的主語從句不可居于復合句句首。例如： 正確表達：It doesn’t matter whether he is wrong or not. 錯誤表達：Whether he is wrong or not doesn’t matter. （5）含主語從句的復合句是疑問句時，主語從句不可提前。 (2) 由what, whether (if) 引導的賓語從句，例如： a) She did not know what had happened.　她不知道發(fā)生了什么。2. 作介詞的賓語，例如： Our success depends upon how well we can cooperate with one another.　我們的成功取決于我們之間的合作。4. it 可以作為形式賓語 it 不僅可以作為形式主語，還可以作為形式賓語而真正的賓語that 從句則放在句尾，特別是在帶復合賓語的句子中。如： 正確表達：I admire their winning the match. 錯誤表達：I admire that they won the match.6.* 不可用that從句作直接賓語的動詞 有些動詞不可用于“動詞＋間接賓語＋that從句“結構中，常見的有envy, order, accuse, refuse, impress, forgive, blame, denounce, advise, congratulate等?？梢越颖碚Z從句的連系動詞有be, look, remain, seem等。1. 同位語從句的功能 同位語從句對于名詞進一步解釋，說明名詞的具體內(nèi)容，一般由that引導，例如： 1) The king’s decision that the prisoner would be set free surprised all the people. 2) The order that all the soldiers should stay still is given by the general.2. 同位語在句子中的位置 同位語從句有時可以不緊跟在它所說明的名詞后面，而是被別的詞隔開。）（第一個that引導的從句是定語從句，that在從句中作賓語）2)The news that Tom would go abroad is told by him.（湯姆將出國的消息是他講的?！　￡P系代詞有：who, whom, whose, that, which, as?！　《ㄕZ從句中的謂語動詞必須在人稱上和數(shù)量上和先行詞保持一致。The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.There is a teacher who is always ready to help others and who enjoys what he does.△2) 只能用that作為定語從句的關系代詞的情況a)在不定代詞，如：anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行詞時，只用that，不用which。He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.e)當主句是以who 或which 開始的特殊疑問句時，用that 以避免重復。如：They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.②含有介詞短語的動詞一般不能拆開，介詞仍放在動詞后面。s health.The sun heats the earth, which is very important to us.　　as可引導非限制性從句，常帶有“正如”的意思。(3)非限定性定語從句中出現(xiàn)expect, think, suppose 等表示猜測、想象、預料等時。通常由副詞、介詞短語、動詞不定式、分詞和從句等擔當。We worked hard , from sunrise to sunset . (介詞狀短語)3.enough用作狀語修飾形容詞和副詞時必須后置。狀語從句的關鍵是要掌握引導不同狀語從句的常用連接詞和特殊的連接詞即考點。原因狀語從句常用引導詞：because, since, as, since特殊引導詞：seeing that, now that, in that, considering that, given that, considering that,條件狀語從句常用引導詞：if, unless,特殊引導詞：as/so long as, only if, providing/provided that, suppose that, in case that, on condition thatWe’ll start our project if the president agrees.You will certainly succeed so long as you keep on trying.Provided that there is no opposition, we shall hold the meeting here.7．)，no matter …，比較狀語從句常用引導詞：as(同級比較), than(不同程度的比較)特殊引導詞：the more … the more … 。 no … more than。方式狀語從句常用引導詞：as, as if, how特殊引導詞：the wayWhen in Rome, do as the Roman do.She behaved as if she were the boss.Sometimes we teach our children the way our parents have taught us.☆10.例如：When ( the museum is ) pleted , the museum will be open to the public next year .He’ll go to the seaside for his holiday if (it is ) possible.另外，比較狀語從句經(jīng)常省略。狀語從句的簡化現(xiàn)象常存在于以下五種狀語從句中:①由if, unless等引導的條件狀語從句。⑤由as, than等引導的比較狀語從句。You must attend the meeting unless (it is) inconvenient to ,否則你必須出席這次會議。Work hard when (you are) young, or you39。+現(xiàn)在分詞As (she was) walking along the river bank, she was singing a pop 。The concert was a great success than (it was) 。f.例如:When the meeting was over, all the people went out of the ,人們都走出了會議室。例如：　　1) There goes the bell.　鈴聲漸漸消失了?！　?) Ahead sat an old woman.　注意：上述全部倒裝的句型結構的主語必須是名詞，如果主語是人稱代詞則不能完全倒裝。如果句中的謂語沒有助動詞或情態(tài)動詞，則需添加助動詞do, does或did，并將其置于主語之前?！　?) Not until the child fell asleep did the mother leave the room.　媽媽直到孩子睡著才離開房間?！　?) The mother didn39。例如：　 1) Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.　他不僅拒收了禮品，還狠狠批評了送禮的人。如果置于句首的Not only… but also僅連接兩個并列詞語，不可用倒裝結構。 2) If you won39。例如：　 1) Tom asked me to go to play football and so I did. Tom讓我去踢足球，我去了。 　4.　only放在句首，強調(diào)狀語（副詞，介詞短語或狀語從句等），全句語序要部分倒裝。三　as, though 引導的倒裝句 　 as / though引導的讓步從句必須將表語或狀語提前 （形容詞, 副詞, 分詞, 實義動詞提前）?！∽⒁?　讓步狀語從句中，有though，although時，后面的主句不能有but，但是 though 和yet可連用?！?.　在虛擬語氣條件句中從句謂語動詞有were, had, should等詞，可將if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主語之前，采取部分倒裝。s kind of you to help me with the problem. (3) It替代作主語的動名詞的常見句型 It39。s while doing/to do… It39。s a pity/shame that…(should)………竟然…… 例 It39。s (about/high) time that… should /ved…是該做某事的時候了 例 It39。s 10 years that he lived here 6. It was(not)… before…過(不)了多長時間某動作發(fā)生了 例 It was not long before they arrived. 四、It 作形式賓語 用來替代作