【正文】 sier，則第二個(gè)表語(yǔ)也應(yīng)該為不定式，所以選B。第二節(jié)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作表語(yǔ)可作表語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞為：不定式，動(dòng)名詞。 。 表示無(wú)時(shí)限的泛指動(dòng)作（如例3）或描述當(dāng)時(shí)的情況（如例4），傾向用動(dòng)名詞。 被動(dòng)態(tài) being done。）作用種類主語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)足語(yǔ)表語(yǔ)定語(yǔ)狀語(yǔ)不定式√√√√√√動(dòng)名詞√√√√分 詞√√√√非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞在句中的特點(diǎn)、性質(zhì)、用法、區(qū)別及使用注意事項(xiàng)分述如下：第一節(jié)、非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作主語(yǔ)可作主語(yǔ)的非謂語(yǔ)形式為：不定式和動(dòng)名詞。Mary is the only one of those people who keeps pets. 瑪麗是唯一一個(gè)飼養(yǎng)寵物的人。 如：Neither the students nor the teacher knows anything about it 學(xué)生和老師都不知道這事.He or you have taken my pen. 他或你拿了我的鋼筆。4. 表示時(shí)間, 金錢, 距離, 度量等的名詞做主語(yǔ)時(shí), 盡管是復(fù)數(shù)形式, 它們做為一個(gè)單一的概念時(shí), :Ten miles is a good distance. 十英里是一個(gè)相當(dāng)?shù)木嚯x。Most of the apple was eaten by a rat. 這個(gè)蘋果的大部分被老鼠吃了。10. “a +名詞+and a half “, “one and a half + 名詞”, “the number of + 名詞” 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用單數(shù). 如:Only one and a half apples is left on the table.注意: one or two + 復(fù)數(shù)名詞作主語(yǔ), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式, 如:One or two places have been visited. 參觀了一兩個(gè)地點(diǎn)。 國(guó)名如: the United States。None of this worries me. 這事一點(diǎn)不使我著急。6. 若主語(yǔ)中有more than one 或many a/an , 盡管從意義上看是復(fù)數(shù), 但它的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用單數(shù)。2. 用and連接的并列主語(yǔ),如果主語(yǔ)是同一個(gè)人,同一事,同一概念, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù), 否則用復(fù)數(shù). 如: The poet and writer has e. 那位詩(shī)人兼作家來(lái)了.(一個(gè)人)A hammer and a saw are useful tools. 錘子和鋸都是有用的工具. (兩樣物)用and連接的成對(duì)名詞習(xí)慣上被看成是一個(gè)整體, 如:bread and butter(黃油抹面包), knife and fork(刀叉)等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。3. 不定式(短語(yǔ)), 動(dòng)名詞(短語(yǔ)), 或從句作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù). 如:Serving the people is my great happiness.為人民服務(wù)是我最大的幸福.When we’ll go out for an outing has been decided.我們什么時(shí)候出去郊游已決定了。 但more+復(fù)數(shù)名詞+than one做主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞仍用復(fù)數(shù). 如:Many a boy likes playing basketball. 許多男生都喜歡打籃球.More than one student was late. 不只一個(gè)學(xué)生遲到More persons than one e to help us. 不止一個(gè)人來(lái)幫助我們。8. 名詞如: trousers, scissors, clothes, goods, glasses 等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用復(fù)數(shù). 如:His clothes are good. 但這些名詞前若出現(xiàn) a pair of , :A pair of glasses is on the desk. 桌上有一副眼鏡。 報(bào)紙名如: the New Times。(二) 內(nèi)容一致原則: , half, most, the rest等, 以及”分?jǐn)?shù)或百分?jǐn)?shù)+名詞”做主語(yǔ)時(shí),:The rest of the bikes are on sale today. 剩下的自行車， 今天出售。2. 不定數(shù)量的詞組, 如:part of , a lot of , lots of , one of , a number of , plenty of等作主語(yǔ)時(shí), :A part of the textbooks have arrived. 一小部分教科書已運(yùn)到。5. (1) 通常作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞. 包括police , people, cattle 等, : The British police have only very limited powers.(2) 通常作不可數(shù)名詞的集體名詞. 包括equipment, furniture, clothing, luggage 等.(3) 可作單數(shù)也可作復(fù)數(shù)的集體名詞. 包括 audience, mittee, government, family, enemy, group, party, team, public :The mittee has/have decided to dismiss him. 委員會(huì)決定解雇他。注意: one of +復(fù)數(shù)名詞+who/that/which 引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句中, 定語(yǔ)從句的動(dòng)詞為復(fù)數(shù)。 第二章：非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞不定式（infinitive）、分詞（participle）、動(dòng)名詞（gerund）是非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞，在句子中不能作謂語(yǔ)。其表達(dá)形式為：不定式：主動(dòng)態(tài) to do。 例1：To act like that is foolish. 例2：It is impossible for me to buy the car with cash. 要我用現(xiàn)金買那輛車是不可能的。2．在下列句型用動(dòng)名詞作主語(yǔ) It is no good doing.（……沒(méi)有用） There is no doing. （……不可能） It is no good arguing with him. 和他爭(zhēng)論沒(méi)有用。句義：遭太陽(yáng)暴曬對(duì)皮膚有害。 1．Your task this morning is to deliver the mail to Professor Smith. 你今天上午的任務(wù)是把這個(gè)郵件送給史密斯教授。 正確。 1．不定式作賓語(yǔ) 例1．He demanded to know the truth. 例2．The car failed to stop at the red light. 那輛轎車看到紅燈沒(méi)有停。 例2．Our difficulty is where to get enough money.2）為了避免重復(fù)，不定式可省去與前邊重復(fù)的動(dòng)詞原形，而保留“to”。 4）was / were to have done ；would like to have done wished（hoped / wanted / intended / meant）to have done 表示當(dāng)時(shí)想做，而實(shí)際不能做到 I was to have picked you up at the airport, but I forgot about it. I intended to have helped you out but I had no money then. 我當(dāng)時(shí)真想幫助擺脫困境，可是我那時(shí)身無(wú)分文。There is no point in arguing any 。 remember doing 回憶起過(guò)去做過(guò)的事 remember to do 記住要做的事 forget doing 忘記了曾做過(guò)的事 forget to do 忘記該做的事 regret doing 對(duì)已發(fā)生的事表示后悔 regret to do 對(duì)現(xiàn)在要發(fā)生的事表示抱歉 mean doing 意味著，意思是 mean to do 打算，想要 try doing 試一試某種方法 try to do 設(shè)法去做一件事 比較1．I don’t mean to give up the plan. 我不打算放棄這個(gè)計(jì)劃。100. 我們很遺憾地告訴你，你欠銀行100英鎊。（人的表情是情感的具體表現(xiàn)，故應(yīng)用過(guò)去分詞來(lái)修飾expression）2）現(xiàn)在分詞通常表示動(dòng)作正在進(jìn)行；過(guò)去分詞通常表示動(dòng)作已完成。若時(shí)間、原因、條件和讓步狀語(yǔ)從句的主語(yǔ)與主句主語(yǔ)相同，且從句部分有be時(shí)，可省略從句主語(yǔ)及be。 （2）Once it is begun。b）分詞作伴隨狀語(yǔ)時(shí), 其形式為：（1）doing（2）done。請(qǐng)注意下列固定短語(yǔ)在作狀語(yǔ)時(shí)的表達(dá)形式： Generally speaking 一般地說(shuō) Strictly speaking 從嚴(yán)格意義上說(shuō) Judging from / by … 根據(jù)…判斷 Given / Allowing for 考慮到Given their inexperience, they have done a good job. 在缺少經(jīng)驗(yàn)的情況下，他們的工作算是做得不錯(cuò)。 such + n as to do The boy is too young to dress himself. He was too shrewd（精明的）a businessman to accept our offer. 他是個(gè)非常精明的商人，不會(huì)接受我們的開價(jià)。不定式前可用only來(lái)加強(qiáng)意想不到的語(yǔ)氣。 3）方式狀語(yǔ)結(jié)構(gòu)： S（人，物）be + adj to do特點(diǎn)（1）句子的主語(yǔ)在邏輯關(guān)系上為不定式動(dòng)作的賓語(yǔ)（2）形容詞為：easy, hard, difficult, fortable, dangerous等。 river is dangerous to swim in. 注意：以上句子，盡管句子的主語(yǔ)和不定式動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系，但只能用主要形式；若不定式動(dòng)詞為不及物，應(yīng)加上適當(dāng)介詞，如例4。英語(yǔ)中有相當(dāng)一批動(dòng)詞必須以不定式作賓語(yǔ)補(bǔ)充語(yǔ)。 S + be made to do 主語(yǔ)與不定式動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。 He couldn’t make himself heard. 他無(wú)法讓別人聽到他說(shuō)的話。 done 主語(yǔ)與分詞動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 done 賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作為被動(dòng)關(guān)系。 a lot of difficult problems to settle, the newlyelected president is having a hard time. （02上海春季）由于很多棘手的問(wèn)題要解決，那為新當(dāng)選的總統(tǒng)處境艱難。讓某人做某事。 (表示：1)讓某事由別人做。Get sb to do = have sb. do。 do 賓語(yǔ)與賓補(bǔ)動(dòng)作是主動(dòng)關(guān)系。 to do主語(yǔ)與不定式動(dòng)作為主動(dòng)關(guān)系。例：He has never heard her sing so well before. I didn’t notice you carrying a pack when you came in. Never before had he felt himself so powerfully attracted to the scientific idea. 改錯(cuò)： 1）Now more talented young people are hoped to go to work in Western China. A B C D 2）I demand you all to take your work quite seriously. A B C D 3）His appearance immediately made all the children being excited. A B C D 4）This song has never been heard to be sung so well. A B C D 5）With much work remained to be done, we have to put off the trip until next week. A B C D 答案：1）B錯(cuò) are hoped → are wished hope sb. to do典型病句 2）B錯(cuò) to take →（should）take demand句型：1）demand to do 2）demand that (should)do 3）C錯(cuò) being → bee 現(xiàn)在分詞doing不能