【正文】 單數(shù)名詞”盡管意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，但因中心詞是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)也必須用單數(shù)以符合語(yǔ)法一致的原則在“more＋復(fù)數(shù)名詞＋than one”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語(yǔ)常用復(fù)數(shù)． More than one person was injured in the accident. 不止一人在這次事故中受傷－ More members than one are against the proposal. 反對(duì)這項(xiàng)提議的會(huì)員不止一個(gè) g. one or two +復(fù)數(shù)名詞”作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) One or two students were planting trees yesterday afternoon. 昨天下午有一兩個(gè)學(xué)生在植樹 h．表示時(shí)間、距離、價(jià)格、度量衡的復(fù)數(shù)名詞與pass, go by，waste, use, spend等詞連用時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) Five years have passed since I joined the Party．我入黨五年了 i. one or two 后接復(fù)數(shù)名詞，謂語(yǔ)要用復(fù)數(shù)但在“a/an十單數(shù)名詞＋or two”結(jié)構(gòu)之后，謂語(yǔ)卻常用單數(shù) One or two days are enough for this work.=A day or two is enough for this work. 干這活一兩天就夠了 A lot of work is to be done to prepare for the conference. 為了準(zhǔn)備會(huì)議，還有很多工作要做。 The number of people who travel by plane in China is larger than ever before． 在中國(guó)乘飛機(jī)旅行的人數(shù)比以往多了。 This pair of shoes is made in Beijing．這雙鞋子是北京制造的。 d. means , sheep , (leer, crossroad、等單復(fù)數(shù)同形的名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞根據(jù)其單復(fù)數(shù)而定 Each means has been tried to solve the problem，but none is effective. 每一種方法都試過(guò)，但沒有一個(gè)是有效的。 Lu Xun39。 ②集合名詞作主語(yǔ) a．有些集體名詞，如people, cattle, police等形式上是單數(shù)，但意義上是復(fù)數(shù)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞需用復(fù)數(shù)。 Neither of these words is correct. 這些單詞沒有一個(gè)是正確的。clock. 7點(diǎn)鐘的時(shí)候，我們?nèi)胰嗽诳措娨暋? (3)意義一致原則： 主語(yǔ)形式上是單數(shù)，但表達(dá)復(fù)數(shù)意義，那么謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞要用復(fù)數(shù)形式；或主語(yǔ)形式上是復(fù)數(shù)，但表達(dá)單數(shù)意義，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也采用單數(shù)形式。 (2)就近原則： 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的人稱和數(shù)由靠近它的主語(yǔ)決定。 The professor and writer is invited to many universities to deliver lectures. 這位教授兼作家被邀請(qǐng)到很多大學(xué)作報(bào)告。這三個(gè)原則常常發(fā)生矛盾，但當(dāng)發(fā)生沖突時(shí)，意義一致原則為優(yōu)先考慮的原則。t get invited to the party. （1）主謂一致。t lock. The house used to be painted white. The job has to be done before dark. On the way we happened to be caught in the rain. 11．有些動(dòng)名詞在want, need, require和介詞worth后形式為主動(dòng)，意義為被動(dòng)。.（被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)） 7．原來(lái)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中的賓語(yǔ)如果是從句，變?yōu)楸粍?dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)時(shí)，要用形式主語(yǔ)it. It has been known to him that many friends will e to see him. It is said that this book has been translated into several languages. 8．有一些動(dòng)詞不能用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。 look at，laugh at，send for，call on，carry out， listen to，take care of ,make use of,depend on，pay attention to，hand in，put on，look up，give up〕等. 6. be＋過(guò)去分詞可以是被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式，也可以是系表結(jié)構(gòu)形式。 3．被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的意義 （1）不知道或沒必要指出行為、動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者（無(wú)須加buy短語(yǔ)） Colour TV sets are sold in that shop. Football is plated all over the world. (2)突出和強(qiáng)調(diào)行為或動(dòng)作的承受著。（一） 動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài) 動(dòng)詞的語(yǔ)態(tài)主要分為兩種：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)與被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)指主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)功作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)指主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者。I have done the job.（主動(dòng)句） The job has been done.（被動(dòng)句） 1． 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)根據(jù)時(shí)態(tài)的不同，可分為以下幾種類型： 一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)：am/is/are+done。 History is made by the people. The wounded soldiers have been saved by those people. (3)有時(shí)主語(yǔ)較長(zhǎng)，可后置。區(qū)別是，系表結(jié)構(gòu)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)或特征，不帶by短語(yǔ)；而被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是表示主語(yǔ)的一個(gè)被動(dòng)動(dòng)作，可以帶by短語(yǔ)。 break out，take place，happen，belong to，cost，suit，fit，have，let, wear, weigh. suffer, pass, kill the time, enter, last, meet（遇見），join（參加），fail等 9．賓語(yǔ)為反身代詞時(shí)，不用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，只用主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)形式。 12．有些動(dòng)詞用主動(dòng)形式來(lái)表示被動(dòng)意義。 The door can39。 主謂一致指的是句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞與其主語(yǔ)在數(shù)上必須保持一致，句子的主語(yǔ)是第三人稱單數(shù)，其謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞須用單數(shù)，主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)，則謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)。 (1)語(yǔ)法一致原則： 主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)通常是在語(yǔ)法形式上取得一致，即主語(yǔ)是單數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)采取單數(shù)形式；主語(yǔ)是復(fù)數(shù)形式，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)采取復(fù)數(shù)形式。 （教授與作家是同一個(gè)人，是單數(shù).） The old are very well taken care of in our city．老年人在我們城市被照顧得很好。 There is a book，two pens and three pencils on the desk. 書桌上有一本書，兩支鋼筆和三支鉛筆。 The police are still running after the murderer. 警察還在追殺人犯。 My family has moved three times．我們家搬過(guò)三次。 單一主語(yǔ)指的是由一個(gè)中心名詞或名詞短語(yǔ)構(gòu)成的主語(yǔ)，其主語(yǔ)與謂語(yǔ)的一致情況如下： ①不定代詞作主語(yǔ) a．不定代詞either, neither, each, one, the other, another,someone，somebody，something，anyone，anybody，anything，everyone, everybody, everything, nobody, no one, nothing等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)、 b. none作主語(yǔ)時(shí)如果指人或可數(shù)的物，表數(shù)目，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞單復(fù)數(shù)形式皆可；如果指不可數(shù)名詞，表量，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)。 d. the other two（…），the other three（…）another two( ... ) , both等作主語(yǔ)時(shí)謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)、 Five people came to help，but another three were still needed. 已經(jīng)有五個(gè)人來(lái)幫忙了，但我們還需要三個(gè) e. all指人時(shí)作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；指全部事情時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常用單數(shù)‘ All the work was finished. 所有的活都干完了 All is going well一切都很正常. f．在each… . and each，every….and every，no….and no,many a. . . and many a等由and連接并列單數(shù)主語(yǔ)的結(jié)構(gòu)中，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)、 Each boy and each girl has got a seat. 每個(gè)男孩和女孩都有一個(gè)座位. People are talking about the accident happened yesterday. 人們還在談?wù)撟蛱彀l(fā)生的那場(chǎng)事故。 c. 有些以sh, ese , ch結(jié)尾的表示國(guó)家、民族的形容詞與the連用時(shí)表示復(fù)數(shù)含義，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)如the English, the Chinese，the French等 The English are a polite people．英國(guó)是一個(gè)禮儀之邦。s works sells well. 魯迅的著作很暢銷。 ④含有修飾語(yǔ)的名詞作主語(yǔ) a一些由兩個(gè)對(duì)應(yīng)部分組成一體的復(fù)數(shù)名詞，如trousers , pants, glasses, scissgrs等作主語(yǔ)，前面若無(wú)a pair of, a suit of, a set of, a series of等這類單位詞，通常作復(fù)數(shù)用，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞作復(fù)數(shù)。 His black trousers are too long．他的那條黑褲子太長(zhǎng)了。 There is a pair of glasses on your bed．你的床上有副眼鏡。 c．只修飾可數(shù)名詞的量詞several, a few, few, quite a few, a great manv(of...）作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式；其修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也應(yīng)用復(fù)數(shù)形式 Usually few regard their work as a pleasure. 通常很少有人把工作當(dāng)成娛樂(lè)。 〔注意」a quantity( of) , ( large )quantities( of）作主語(yǔ)或其修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)根據(jù)quantity的單復(fù)數(shù)形式而定。 j. the rest（of…），the remaining，part（of...），one half39。 One and a half days is all I can spare. 我只能抽出一天半的時(shí)間 It is reported that in this area one in four people suffers from lung cancer. 據(jù)報(bào)道在此地區(qū)有四分之一的人患肺癌（一般情況下，one in ten作主語(yǔ)和其修飾的名詞作主語(yǔ)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式） (2）非謂語(yǔ)形式、從句作主語(yǔ) ①單獨(dú)的不定式、動(dòng)詞的一ing形式作主語(yǔ)時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞一般用單數(shù)形式：如果多個(gè)非謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞連在一起表達(dá)同一概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式；如果表達(dá)不同概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù) Persuading him to join us seems really hard. 勸他加入我們似乎很難。 ②that，what，who，which，when，where，why，whatever, whoever,whichever, whenever, whereve：等引導(dǎo)的從句作主語(yǔ)或單獨(dú)引導(dǎo)疑問(wèn)句時(shí)，應(yīng)根據(jù)概念上一致的原則決定謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞的數(shù) That .lack has gone abroad makes us all surprised. 杰克出國(guó)去了使我們都很驚訝 Who is Abraham Lincoln？林肯是誰(shuí)？ Who are talking with each other？誰(shuí)在相互討論？ (3)以并列結(jié)構(gòu)作主語(yǔ)的主謂一致 ① and及both... and... a. 一般來(lái)說(shuō)，兩個(gè)單數(shù)主語(yǔ)用and連接起來(lái)，表示兩個(gè)不同的人或物，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)；但如果兩個(gè)并列的單數(shù)主語(yǔ)在意義上指同一個(gè)人、同一個(gè)事物或同一個(gè)概念，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞必須用單數(shù) A smile and handshake show wele．微笑和握手表示歡迎 The poet and writer has produced many 、 b．并列主語(yǔ)由or, either.. . or. . . , neither... nor. . . , not only…but also…連接時(shí)，謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞常與鄰近的主語(yǔ)保持人稱、數(shù)的一致 Either the teacher or the students are to blame. 或者是老師，或者是學(xué)生要受到責(zé)備 Not only the students but also their teacher doesn39。 (6)定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞應(yīng)視先行詞的單復(fù)數(shù)而定，先行詞是單數(shù)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用單數(shù)，先行詞是復(fù)數(shù)，定語(yǔ)從句中的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞也用復(fù)數(shù) Those（people）who are for this plan are to sign your nameright on this paper． 同意這個(gè)計(jì)劃的在這張紙上簽名 I will always treasure the moments that were full of pleasures. 我將永遠(yuǎn)珍惜充滿歡樂(lè)的時(shí)光： The news that has been published in today