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高中英語語法大全77719-wenkub

2023-04-22 01:47:04 本頁面
 

【正文】 avelling through thick forests is dangerous.(在密林里邊穿行是很危險的) sound、noise、voice的區(qū)別:sound指各種聲音;noise主要指“噪音”;voice指人的“嗓音”。/你和他有一個人是對的) / Neither you nor I am going there.(你和我都不打算去那里) 1表示一段時間或長度概念的復(fù)數(shù)名詞做主語時,謂語一般用單數(shù)。如:There is a table and four chairs in the room.(房間里有一張桌子和四張椅子)用both…and…連接兩個事物做主語時,謂語一般用復(fù)數(shù)。如:There is a sheep in the yard.(院子里有只綿羊) / There are some sheep in the yard.(院子里有一些綿羊)maths, news等雖然有s結(jié)尾,但不是復(fù)數(shù),因此謂語仍用單數(shù):The news is very exciting. (這個消息令人興奮)glasses, shoes, socks, trousers, gloves等名詞往往用復(fù)數(shù)形式,故謂語用復(fù)數(shù)。如:Childern’s Day(兒童節(jié)), my sister’s book(我姐姐的書)(2)以s或es結(jié)尾的復(fù)數(shù)名詞。如:family→families, city→cities, party→parties.④以f或fe結(jié)尾的名詞,變f或fe為v,再加es。如:water, news, oil, population, information .英語可數(shù)名詞的單復(fù)數(shù):英語可數(shù)名詞有單數(shù)和復(fù)數(shù)兩種形式。如:the Great Wall(長城)姓氏名如果采用復(fù)數(shù)形式,則表示該姓氏一家人(復(fù)數(shù)含義),如:the Greens( 格林一家人)。(6)介詞→副詞,如:in(到……里)→(在里面;在家),on(在…上)→(進(jìn)行,繼續(xù)),等等。 (2)動詞→名詞,如:look, walk, rest, work, study, swim, go, talk等等。合成法:如:spaceship, headache, basketball, playground等等。如:Shanghai is a big city .(上海是個大城市)狀語用來修飾動詞、形容詞、副詞,通常由副詞擔(dān)任。指物的叫直接賓語,指人的叫間接賓語。通常由名詞、代詞或形容詞擔(dān)任。通常用名詞或代詞擔(dān)任。如in, on, from, above, behind.連詞(conj.): 用來連接詞、短語或句子。如:one, two, three, first, second, third, fourth.動詞(v.): 表示動作或狀態(tài)。名詞(n.): 表示人、事物、地點或抽象概念的名稱。如:boy, morning, bag, ball, class, orange.代詞(pron.): 主要用來代替名詞。如:am, is,are,have,see .副詞(adv.): 修飾動詞、形容詞或其他副詞,說明時間、地點、程度等。如and, but, before .感嘆詞(interj..)表示喜、怒、哀、樂等感情。如:I’m Miss Green.(我是格林小姐)謂語動詞說明主語的動作或狀態(tài),回答“做(什么)”。如:My name is Ping ping .(我的名字叫萍萍) 賓語表示及物動詞的對象或結(jié)果,回答做的是“什么”。間接賓語一般放在直接賓語的前面。如:He works hard .(他工作努力)賓語補(bǔ)足語用來說明賓語怎么樣或干什么,通常由形容詞或動詞充當(dāng)。派生法:(1)派生名詞:①動詞+er/or ②動詞+ing ③動詞+(t)ion ④形容詞+ness ⑤其他,如:inventor, learner, swimming, congratulation, kindness, carelessness, knowledge(2)派生形容詞:①名詞+y ②名詞+ful ③動詞+ing/ed ④friendly ⑤dangerous ⑥Chinese。(3)名詞→動詞,如:hand(手)→(傳遞),face(臉)→(面對)等等。二、名詞:英語名詞可分專有名詞和普通名詞兩大類:專有名詞是個別的人、地、物、團(tuán)體、機(jī)構(gòu)等的專用名稱。普通名詞是許多人或事物的共有名稱。名詞由單數(shù)變復(fù)數(shù)的基本方法如下:①在單數(shù)名詞詞尾加s。如:shelf→shelves, wolf→wolves, life→lives, knife→knives.不規(guī)則變化:man→men, woman→women, sheep→sheep,tooth→teeth, fish→fish, child→children, ox→oxen, goose→geese不可數(shù)名詞一般沒有復(fù)數(shù)形式,說明其數(shù)量時,要用有關(guān)計量名詞。只在詞尾加’。如:The trousers are very cheap and I want to take them.(褲子很便宜,我想買)a lot of 后跟名詞復(fù)數(shù)時謂語用復(fù)數(shù)形式,跟不可數(shù)名詞時謂語用單數(shù)形式。如:Both you and I are required to be here tomorrow.(你和我明天要求都來)主語中含有with的短語時,謂語單復(fù)數(shù)由with之前的人物決定。如:Two months is not a short time.(兩個月不是個短時間)Two thousand kilometers is quite a long distance(距離).(兩千千米是相當(dāng)長的一段距離)1主語中含有half of… / (three quarters)of… / all (of) the ….等詞語時,謂語的單復(fù)數(shù)由名詞確定,如:Over three quarters of the information on the Internet is in English.(因特網(wǎng)上四分之三以上的信息是用英語寫的) / A third of the students were playing near the lake.(學(xué)生的三分之一(當(dāng)時)正在湖邊玩耍) / All of the water in these rivers has been polluted.(這些河流中的水已經(jīng)被污染了)(被動句) 但是,population一詞又有特殊情況: What’s the population of China?(中國人口是多少?)(句子用單數(shù)) / Three quarters of the population in this city are Arabs(阿拉伯人).(這個城市四分之三的人口是阿拉伯人)(句子用復(fù)數(shù))部分名詞用法辨析:sport、game、match、race 的區(qū)別:sport通常指“戶外運動”,以鍛煉為主,概念較大;game意思是“運動、比賽”,不管戶內(nèi)戶外還是腦力體力,指以勝負(fù)為主的運動;match意為“競賽、比賽”,多指正式比賽;race主要表示“賽跑、賽馬、賽車”。如:The noise of the street kept me awake in the night.(街上的喧囂聲讓我徹夜難眠) / All of a sudden there was the sound of shots and a cry.(突然間傳來幾聲槍響和一聲尖叫) / The singer has lost her ringing voice as a result of a bad cold.(因為感冒的緣故,這個歌唱家失去了她銀鈴般的嗓音) fish的問題:指許多條魚且不管種類時,用fish,單復(fù)數(shù)相同;fishes 指許多種類的魚;fish指“魚肉”時是不可數(shù)名詞。如: I often go shopping on Sundays.(星期天我常去購物) / Are they from Brazil?(他們是巴西人嗎?) / Where have they gone?(他們上哪兒去了?) / That’s it.(就那么回事) / It’s he!(是他!)賓格用來作及物動詞或者介詞的賓語。如:Both he and I are working at that puter pany.(我和他都在那家電腦公司上班) –Who will go there?(誰要去那兒?) –You and me.(你和我) 人稱代詞it除了可以指人指物之外,還可以表示“時間、天氣、溫度、距離、情況”等含義,此外還可以作“非人稱代詞”使用,替代作主語或者賓語的不定式、動名詞或者名詞性從句。如:This is your cup,but where is mine?(這是你的杯子,可我的在哪兒?) / Your classroom is very big, but ours is rather small.(你們的教室很大,我們的相當(dāng)小)“of + 名詞性物主代詞”稱為雙重所有格,作定語時放在名詞的后面。反身代詞是一種表示反射或強(qiáng)調(diào)的代詞。如:Don’t play with the knife, you might hurt yourself.(不要玩刀子,那會割傷你的)在句子中作同位語表示強(qiáng)調(diào)(即用來強(qiáng)調(diào)名詞或代詞的語氣)。關(guān)系代詞who 、which、 that 、whom 等,將定語從句和主句連接起來。如:Have you found the book which you lost several days ago?(你找到幾天前丟失的那本書了嗎?)關(guān)系代詞that既可指人也可指物,如果作從句的賓語,則有時省略。不定代詞:代替或修飾不特指的人或事物的代詞叫不定代詞。如:They didn’t have any friends here. (他們在這里沒有朋友)/ Have you got any questions to ask?(你有問題要問嗎?)any 用于肯定句時,意思是“任何的”。如:None of them is/are in the classroom.(他們當(dāng)中沒有一個在教室里) / I have many books, but none is interesting.(我有很多的書,但沒有一本是有趣的) (3)all和both的用法:all指三者或三者以上的人或物,用來代替或修飾可數(shù)名詞;也可用來代替或修飾不可數(shù)名詞。)all和both既可以修飾名詞(all/both+(the)+名詞),也可以獨立使用,采用“all/both + of the +名詞(復(fù)數(shù))”的形式,其中的of 可以省略。如:I don’t care much for what to drink. Either of the two will do. (我不介意喝些什么,兩個之中隨便哪個都行) / Will you go there by bus or by car? –Neither. I will go there by train.(你坐公車去還是坐轎車去?一個都不坐,我坐火車去。如: Some girls are singing under the big apple tree and others are sitting on the grass talking.(有些女孩在大蘋果樹下唱歌,別的就躺在草地上說話) / You have had several cakes. Do you really want another one?(你已經(jīng)吃了好幾塊餅子了,你真的還要一塊?) / I want another four books.(我還要四本書)another(另外的,再一,又一)與the other(另外的一個) 主要從數(shù)量上區(qū)分,只有兩個時用the other,在原先基礎(chǔ)上增加用another。)(7)many和much的用法:many意思是“很多”,與可數(shù)名詞復(fù)數(shù)連用;much意思是“很多”,與不可數(shù)名詞連用。 many / much用于肯定句時可以在前面加上so、: There are a lot of people on the playground.(操場上有許多的人)/ They haven’t got much work to do.(他們沒有多少事情可做) / There are too many people in the room.(房間里人太多了。) / Don’t worry. There is still a little time left.(別著急,還有一點兒時間呢。如:Hey,Lily. There is someone outside the door.(嗨,麗麗,門外有人。) / He lost a book. So did I.(他丟失了一本書,我也是。如:A lot of people think that time is money.(許多的人認(rèn)為時間就是金錢。如:No one knows how he managed to get the ticket.(沒有人知道他是怎樣搞到那張票的) / Nobody handed in his/their position(s) yesterday.(昨天沒有一個人交作文。each other表示兩者之間,而one anther表示許多人之間。)疑問代詞:用來提出問題的代詞稱為疑問代詞。如: Who is that man?(那男的是誰?) / What colour are their hats?(他們的帽子是什么顏色?) / Which car was made in Germany?(哪輛車是德國造的?)(被動句) 注意這個提問:The man in the car is my father.(車?yán)锏哪腥耸俏腋赣H)→Wh
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