【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 “較少”、“較差”、“不及”、“不如”。該less做形容詞時好翻譯，做副詞解釋時難譯。Proofreading is not interesting, still less so when it is one39。s own work.Proofreading is uninteresting, still more so when it is one39。s own work.His lecture left me less than 。He observed with interest the errors of her face and figure, the thin underlip, too heavily penciled eyebrows, and her legs less than slim although not actually skinny.他感興趣地望著她面孔和身體上的一些缺點，那太薄的下唇，畫的太濃的眉毛和她那瘦弱的雙腿，雖然還沒有達到皮包骨頭的程度。 + 比較級＋理由I like him all the better for his ，所以我更加喜歡他。連接“理由”部分的可以為：for, because, on account of , owing to 等，前面部分常常出現(xiàn)的結(jié)構(gòu)為：all(much)the + 比較級。該結(jié)構(gòu)中的the = to that degree. he is / what he hasWe honour him for what he is , not for what he has.我們尊敬的是他的人品，而不是他的財富。what he is ＝his characterwhat he has = his propertyIt is not a question how much a man knows, but use what he can make of what he knows。 not a question of what he has acquired, and how he has been trained, but of what he is, and what he can do.問題不在于一個人知道多少，而在于他能否運用他的知識；問題不在于他所學為何，受過怎樣的教育，而在于他的人品，以及他的能力。 + 名詞 / what + little + 名詞He gave me what money he had about 。I gave him what little mony I 。what + 名詞 含有“all the ....that”或“that....which”含義。譯為“所有的?！保瑆hat做關(guān)系代名詞。what + little（few等一類詞） + 名詞 含有“雖少但全部”或“所僅有的”She saved what little money she could out of her slim salary to help her brother go to school. with........and what with / what by ...... and what byWhat with illness and what with losses, he is almost ，半因為虧損，他幾乎整個兒毀了。What by brikes and what by extortions, he made money.或由受賄，或由勒索，他發(fā)財了。此為what的副詞用法，可譯為“多少（＝somewhat）”、“半（＝patrly）”what with........and what with表示“原因”what by ...... and what by表示“手段”What with overwork and undernourishment he fell ill.由于過勞，加上營養(yǎng)不足，他終于病倒了。 any1)He despises honour, if any one ，他便是一個。2）He has little, if any, ，也是極少的。if any , if ever 意思是“果真有，即令有的話”，相當于if there is (are) any at all.。它通常是伴隨有l(wèi)ittle, few, seldom等準否定詞。與此相近的用法還有if anything，意思是“if at all”或“if there is any difference”,可以譯為“倘若有異同，如果稍有區(qū)別的話”。還有“if a day”意思是“at least”。There is little , if any , 。It occurs seldom, if ever( = seldom or never).真有其事，也不常發(fā)生。If anything, he is a little better ，他比昨天好了一點。The greatness has little, if anything, to do with rank or 。第七部分 構(gòu)成句式的基本單元詞匯下面的內(nèi)容雖然與帖子的名稱不太相符，但是作為構(gòu)成句式的基本單元詞匯，也是不容忽視的啊。學習過程中收集、整理了不少令我疑惑的詞匯（詞組），曾經(jīng)在OE網(wǎng)站張貼，現(xiàn)把精華部分粘貼于此，希望大家對我的理解提出批評和指正。一、“閃光”之說：shine: 照耀，指光穩(wěn)定發(fā)射；glitter: 閃光，指光不穩(wěn)定發(fā)射；glare: 耀眼，表示光的強度最大；sparkle:閃爍，指發(fā)射微細的光度。二、打破”之說：break: 一般用語，經(jīng)打擊或施加壓力而破碎；crack:出現(xiàn)了裂縫，但還沒有變成碎片；crush: 指從外面用力向內(nèi)或從上向下壓而致碎；demolish: 破壞，鏟平或削平（如土壤，建筑物，城堡等）；destroy: 在肉體上、精神上或道義上徹底摧毀，使之無法復原；shatter:突然使一個物體粉碎；smash: 指由于突如其來的一陣暴力帶一聲響而徹底粉碎。三、有關(guān)“死”之說：去世，與世長辭：to pass away。壽終： to close (end) one39。s day。咽氣，斷氣： to breathe one39。s last。歸西： to go west。了解塵緣： to pay the debt of nature。命歸黃泉： to depart to the world of shadows。見閻王： to give up the gost。翹辮子： to kick the bucket。蹬腿： to kick up one39。s heels。不吃飯： to lay down one39。s knife and fork.四、有關(guān)懷孕（pregnant）之說：she is having baby。she is expecting。she is in a family way。she is in a deliacate condition。she is in an interesting condition。she is knitting little booties.五、broken涵義種種：a broken man: 一個絕望的人；a broken soldier: 一個殘廢的軍人；broken money: 零花錢；a broken promise: 背棄的諾言；broken English: 蹩腳的英語；a broken spirit: 消沉的意志；a broken heart: 破碎的心。八、準確理解“kill”（后面附詞義）:he killed the ；he killed the dog,宰；he killed time down at the park,消磨；he killed his chance of success,斷送；he killed the motion when it came from the mittee,否決；he killed himself by overwork,致死；he killed the spirit of the group,抹殺；he killed three bottles of whiskey in a week,喝光；kill the peace,扼殺；kill the friendship,終止；1kill a marriage,解除。九、“聲譽”種種：fame:褒義，指關(guān)于一個人的人格、行為、才能等方面的優(yōu)點；reputation和repute差不多，可褒義可貶義，指對人或物的評價、看法，詞義較窄；distinction，褒義，指因職銜、地位或人格所造成的，通常包含“優(yōu)越于人，與眾不同”；renown，褒義，指顯赫的聲譽或應該得到的榮譽；notoriety，貶義，與fame相對應。十、“空空如也”：hollow，表示“空洞的，虛的，不實的，下陷的‘，可以和tree, voice, sound, cheeks等連用；vacant，表示”沒人占用的，出缺的“，常和position, room, house, seat等連用；empty，表示”空的，一無所有的“，可以和house, room, cup, box, stomatch, head, words等連用.十一、你能理解”or“嗎？連接兩個對等的事物或人，可譯為”或“，”或者“；前后為同一個事物時，應譯為”即“，”或稱“，”或作“The exact mechanism of Yutin, or vitamin P as is sometimes called, on the capillary wall is not understood.附譯文：路丁，即有時所稱的維生素P，其對毛細血管壁的確切作用（機理）還不了解。連接兩組數(shù)字，代表不同單位的同一數(shù)量時，一般譯為”合“，”等于“；Normal temperature in man is or 37C(遺憾的時表溫度上標我不會)。從or中導致方面結(jié)果時，應譯為”否則“；Hurry up, or you will be late.”or so “左右；or more以上；or rather甚至十二、general涵義種種：全身麻醉 general anesthesia普查，集體檢查 general checkup一般健康情況 general health condition綜合性醫(yī)院 general hospital總路線 genegral line大綱 general outline彌漫性腹膜炎 general peritonitis普通醫(yī)師 general practitioner總查（?。┓?general purpose秘書長 general secretary十三、你能“定”下來嗎？set a date: 決定日期set an example：樹立榜樣set fruit：結(jié)果子set a fire： 點火set a severed limb：斷肢再接set sail：開航，起航set the camera lens：調(diào)整（相機）鏡頭set a pen to paper:：動筆，下筆set a new task：提出新任務set down all items：記下所有項目1set oneself to learn from：決心向。學習十四、你知道這有多”重“？heavy applause：熱烈的鼓掌heavy gait：沉重的步態(tài)heavy chemicals大量生產(chǎn)的化學藥品heavy sea 波濤洶涌的海面heavy sleep：熟睡heavy smoker：煙癮大的人heavy current：強電流heavy eater：食量大的人heavy task：繁重的任務heavy food：油膩而難消化的食物1heavy traffic:擁擠的交通1heavy weather：惡劣的天氣1heavy road：泥濘的路1heavy rain：大雨1heavy clouds：厚云1heavy crops：豐收1heavy frost：濃霜1heavy wine：烈酒1heavy news：悲痛的消息heavy heart：憂愁的心2heavy fire：猛烈的炮火2heavy bread：沒有發(fā)酵好的面包2heavy wire：粗線2heavy load：重載2heavy storm：暴風雨2heavy reader:沉悶冗長的讀物十五、“強度”怎么說？intensity:指強烈的程度，多用于磁、電、熱、光、聲、火、勞動等抽象或非（易于觸摸到的）實體。例：colour intensity intensity of lightstrength:指堅強的程度，用于可觸摸到的具體實物抗拒能力的大小。strength of cement(水泥標號) engine strengthWorking streng