工程管理專業(yè)英語第三章翻譯(編輯修改稿)
2025-05-02 12:57 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 of workers directly.? 由于現(xiàn)場施工主要涉及戶外活動，因此當(dāng)?shù)氐臍夂驎苯佑绊懝ぷ餍省? In foreign operations, the cultural characteristics of the host country should be observed in assessing the labor efficiency.? 在海外業(yè)務(wù)中，在評估勞動效率中要注意東道國的文化特色。? Eg：Which country will be the host country for the next Olympic Games?哪個國家將是下屆奧運會的主辦國?? Nonproductive Activities非生產(chǎn)型勞動? The nonproductive activities associated with a project should also be examined in order to examine the productive labor yield(有效勞動產(chǎn)出), which is defined as the ratio of direct labor hours devoted to the pletion of a project to the potential labor hours（可能工時）.? 還應(yīng)該檢查與項目有關(guān)的非生產(chǎn)性活動，以考察有效勞動產(chǎn)出，即為完成項目的直接工時與可能工時的比率。? ? The direct labor hours are estimated on the basis of the best possible conditions at a job site by excluding all factors which may reduce the productive labor yield.? 在作業(yè)現(xiàn)場最好的條件下估計直接人工工時，這要排除可能會降低有效勞動產(chǎn)出的所有因素。Example31；Effects of job size on productivity? 作業(yè)規(guī)模對生產(chǎn)力的影響A contractor has established that under a set of “standard” work conditions for building construction, a job requiring 500,000 labor hours is considered standard in determining the base labor productivity.? 承建商已建立了一套“標(biāo)準(zhǔn)”建筑施工的工作條件，一項工作需要50萬人工工時被認(rèn)為是確定基本勞動生產(chǎn)率的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。? All other factors being the same, the labor productivity index will increase to or 110% for a job requiring only 400,000 laborhours. ? 所有其他因素相同，一項工作只有40萬人工工時時，％。? Linear relation:線性關(guān)系? 假如所需300000700000工時之間存在線性關(guān)系，如圖41所示，在完全相同的工作條件下，確定某項需要650000工時工作的勞動生產(chǎn)率指數(shù)。 } Construction Equipment 施工設(shè)備 selection of the appropriate type and size of construction equipment often affects the required amount of time and effort and thus the jobsite productivity of a project.選擇合適的施工設(shè)備類型和大小，經(jīng)常影響一個項目需要時間的多少和付出，以及因此而造成的現(xiàn)場生產(chǎn)率。 is therefore important for site managers and construction planners to be familiar with the characteristics of the major types of equipment most monly used in construction.所以，現(xiàn)場經(jīng)理和施工計劃者熟悉在施工中最常用的主要設(shè)備類型的特征是重要的。Excavation and Loading 開挖和裝載 family of construction machines used for excavation is broadly classified as a craneshovel as indicated by the variety of machines in Figure 33.用于開挖的施工機(jī)械家族的主要類型是起重式挖掘機(jī)，如圖33所示的各種機(jī)器。 craneshovel consists of three major ponents:起重式挖掘機(jī)由三個主要的部分組成： carrier or mounting which provides mobility and stability for the machine.保持機(jī)器移動性和穩(wěn)定性的運載工具或底盤。6. a revolving deck or turntable which contains the power and control units.包含動力和控制單元的可旋轉(zhuǎn)艙面或轉(zhuǎn)盤。7. a front end attachment which serves the special functions in an operation.在操作中提供特殊功能服務(wù)的前置附加裝置。 type of mounting for all machines in Figure 33 is referred to as crawler mounting, which is particularly suitable for crawling over relatively rugged surfaces at a job site.} 圖33中所示機(jī)器的底盤形態(tài)都是履帶式底盤，尤其適用于在地面比較崎嶇的施工現(xiàn)場爬行。9. Other types of mounting include truck mounting and wheel mounting which provide greater mobility between job sites, but require better surfaces for their operation.} 其他底座的類型包括卡車式底盤和輪子式底盤，在施工現(xiàn)場具有更大的移動性，但是它們運行需要比較好的路面情況。} 10. The revolving deck includes a cab to house the person operating the mounting and/or the revolving deck.} 轉(zhuǎn)盤包括一個容納人操作底盤和/或轉(zhuǎn)盤的駕駛室。} 11. The types of front end attachments in Figure 33 might include a crane with hook, claim shell, dragline, backhoe, shovel and pile driver.} 圖33中前置的附加
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