【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 an with a baby in her arms is his mother. ③ We need a place twice larger than this one. ④ She carried a basket full of eggs. ⑤ It’s a book worth no more than one dollar. ⑥ It’s a city far from the coast. ⑦ He has money enough to buy a car. ⑧ The man downstairs was trying to sleep. ⑨ There are lots of places of interest needing repairing in our city. ⑩ Tigers belonging to meateating animals feed on meat. ? A boy calling himself John wanted to see you. ? He picked up a wallet lying on the ground on the way back home. ? There are many clothes to be washed. ? Most of the singers invited to the party were from America. ? Then the great day came when he was to march past the palace in the team. 用活 形容詞短語(yǔ) 作 后置定語(yǔ) （ P. 錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書(shū)簽。 ） 9. 狀語(yǔ) 修飾動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞或整個(gè)句子 , 說(shuō)明動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)特征的句子成分，叫 作 狀語(yǔ)。 He writes carefully. He walks slowly. (認(rèn)真地寫，慢 慢 地走，修飾動(dòng)詞用副詞 ，作狀語(yǔ) ) This material is environmentally friendly. （修飾形容詞用副詞 ，作狀語(yǔ) ） He runs very slowly. （修飾副詞 slowly, 因此 very 是副詞 ，作狀語(yǔ) ） Unfortunately, he lost all of his money. （修飾整個(gè)句子用副詞 ，作狀語(yǔ) ） 幾個(gè)并列狀語(yǔ)的先后順序：方式 → 地點(diǎn) → 時(shí)間 一個(gè)句中有幾個(gè)并列狀語(yǔ)時(shí)，其順序較靈活，但一般是：方式 → 地點(diǎn) → 時(shí)間。如： He worked hard at his lessons last year. I found a lost pen outside our school yesterday morning. He was walking slowly outside the park at that moment. 正確安排并列狀語(yǔ)的順序（ P. 錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書(shū)簽。 ） 頻度副詞 often, always, usually, sometimes, never等在句中的位置 位于情態(tài)動(dòng)詞、系動(dòng)詞、助動(dòng)詞之后 , 實(shí)義動(dòng)詞之前。 You can never tell what he will do. He is often late. He is always helping others. He often came late. 注意頻度副詞的位置（ P. 錯(cuò)誤 !未定義書(shū)簽。 ） 狀語(yǔ)按意義分類 在句子成分中，主語(yǔ)、謂語(yǔ)、賓語(yǔ)、定語(yǔ)、表語(yǔ)、補(bǔ)語(yǔ)都比較好辨認(rèn)，如果這幾個(gè)成分都不是，那很可能就是狀語(yǔ)了。因此，狀語(yǔ)的種類很多，可以表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步 等。 指出下列 畫 線部分屬于什么狀語(yǔ) 。 I. How about meeting again at six? II. Mr. Smith lives on the third floor. III. Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain. IV. She put the eggs into the basket with great care. V. She came in with a dictionary in her hand. VI. In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. make his dream e true, Tom bees very interested in business. VIII. The boy needs a pen very much. IX. The boy really needs a pen. 10. He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately. 11. She works very hard though she is old. 12. I am taller than he is. 13. I shall go there if it doesn’t rain. 14. On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 15. Having to finish his homework, the boy needs a pen. 同位語(yǔ)是在名詞或代詞之后并列名詞或代詞對(duì)前者加以說(shuō)明的成分，近乎于后置定語(yǔ)。如： We students should study hard. / (students 是 we的同位語(yǔ)，都是指同一批 “ 學(xué)生 ” ） It’s good to us students. 選擇 正確答案 ， 并 口頭說(shuō)出句中那個(gè)是同位語(yǔ) 。 The young man, ______,works in the office. A. me brother B. my brother C. my brothers D. me Our English teacher, ______, often helps us with study. A. Mrs. Wang B. Mrs. Wangs C. Mrs. Wang’s. D. of him ______, some railway workers, are busy repairing the train. A. Them B. He C. They D. Theirs 7 ③ 簡(jiǎn)單句的五種基本結(jié)構(gòu) 英語(yǔ)句子的基本結(jié)構(gòu)可以歸納成五種基本句型及其擴(kuò)大、組合、省略或倒裝。掌握這五種基本句型，是掌握各種英語(yǔ)句子結(jié)構(gòu)的基礎(chǔ)。 英語(yǔ)五種基本句型 結(jié)構(gòu) 如下： 主語(yǔ) 謂語(yǔ) 用符號(hào)表示為： ① Ｓ Ｖ （主＋謂） ② Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ （主＋謂＋賓） ③ Ｓ Ｖ ｏ Ｏ （主＋謂＋間賓＋直賓） ④ Ｓ Ｖ Ｏ Ｃ （主＋謂＋賓＋賓補(bǔ)） ⑤ Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 主語(yǔ)（ subject） 謂語(yǔ)（ predicate） 賓語(yǔ)（ object） 定語(yǔ)（ attribute） 狀語(yǔ) (adverbial) 補(bǔ)語(yǔ)（ plement） 表語(yǔ)（ predicative） 基本句型一：Ｓ Ｖ （主＋謂） 這類句子的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞都是不及物動(dòng)詞，都不帶賓語(yǔ)，但可以帶狀語(yǔ) 。 如 : It is raining now. (Ｓ Ｖ ) We’ve worked for 5 hours. (Ｓ Ｖ ) The meeting lasted half an hour. (Ｓ Ｖ ) Time flies. (Ｓ Ｖ ) 分析下列句子成分，并在后面括號(hào)內(nèi)標(biāo)明屬于五種基本句型中的哪一種 。 1. Dark clouds hung overhead. ( ) 2. Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( ) 3. He is smiling all over his face. ( ) 4. I did well in English. ( ) 5. He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. ( ) 基本句型二： Ｓ Ｖ Ｐ （主＋系＋表） 系動(dòng)詞主要是 be， 但還有一些動(dòng)詞有些時(shí)候也可作系動(dòng)詞，有人稱之為半系動(dòng)詞。 如何辨別系動(dòng)詞 有些動(dòng)詞既可作連系動(dòng)詞，又可以作實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。 (答疑 qq 329950885)如何來(lái)辨別呢？有一個(gè)最簡(jiǎn)便的方法，即用連 系動(dòng)詞 be替換句子中的這些動(dòng)詞，句子仍然成立就是連系動(dòng)詞；反之，不能替換的，就是行為動(dòng)詞。如： ① She looks beautiful. (looks變?yōu)?is之后，她是美麗的，句意沒(méi)有大的變化， looks是系動(dòng)詞。 ) Look at the picture.(look不能換為 be, look為實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。 ) ② He felt the book with his right hand.(feel是 “摸 ”的意思，不能換為 was, 是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞。 ) The silk feels soft.(這種絲綢摸起來(lái)很柔軟， feels換為 is之后，句意變化不大，因此是系動(dòng)詞。 ) 辨別下列 斜 體動(dòng)詞是系動(dòng)詞還是實(shí)義動(dòng)詞 。 ① The door stays open at night. ② He tasted the food, and the food tasted delicious. ③ The book still lies open on the desk. ④ What he said proved true. ⑤ He can’t proved his theory(理論 ). 常見(jiàn)的系動(dòng)詞 狀態(tài)系動(dòng)詞 用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)狀態(tài)，只有 be一詞 。 如： He is a teacher. 他是一名教師。 持續(xù)系動(dòng)詞 用來(lái)表示主語(yǔ)繼續(xù)或保持一種狀況或態(tài)度，主要有keep, remain, stay, lie, stand。 如： He kept silent at the meeting. 他開(kāi)會(huì)時(shí)保持沉默。 This matter remains a mystery. 此事仍是一個(gè)謎。 The food stays fresh in the fridge. 食物在冰箱里仍然很新鮮。 The house stood empty for 。 He lies awake in ，醒著。 表 “ 像 ” 系動(dòng)詞 用來(lái)表示 “ 看起來(lái)像 ” 這一概念，主要有 seem, appear, look。 如： Something seems wrong. 好像出差 錯(cuò) 了。 He appears young. 他看起來(lái)很年輕。 感官系動(dòng)詞 感官系動(dòng)詞主要有 look“ 看起來(lái) ” ， feel“ 摸起來(lái) ” , smell“ 聞起來(lái) ” , sound“ 聽(tīng)起來(lái) ” , taste“ 嘗起來(lái) ”。 This kind of cloth feels very soft. 這種布手感很軟。 This flower smells very sweet. 這朵花聞起來(lái)很香。 變化系動(dòng)詞 這些系動(dòng)詞表示主語(yǔ)變成什么樣 。 變化系動(dòng)詞主要有bee, grow, turn, fall, get, go, e, run。 He became mad after that. 自那之后，他瘋了。 She grew rich within a short time. 她沒(méi)多長(zhǎng)時(shí)間就富了。 He fell ill 。 Eggs go bad easily in summer. 蛋夏天容易變壞。 His face went 。 What he had dreamt of came true. 他的夢(mèng)想實(shí)現(xiàn)了。 Still waters run 。 終止系動(dòng)詞 表示主語(yǔ)已終止動(dòng)作，主要有 prove, turn out, 表達(dá) “ 證實(shí) ” ， “ 變成 ” 之意 。 如： The rumor proved false. 這 謠言證實(shí)有假。 His plan turned out a success. 他的計(jì)劃終于成功了。（ turn out表終止性結(jié)果） What he predicted turned out (to be) wrong. 他預(yù)言的結(jié)果是錯(cuò)的。 用下畫線畫出下列句中的系動(dòng)詞 。 1. His advice proved right. 2. The shop stays open till 8 o’clock. 3. The machine went wrong. 4. All