【文章內容簡介】 blame for這一詞組用主動形式來表示中文中“該為某事受到責備”的被動意義?！癢ill you go skiing with me this winter vacation?” “It ____.” A. all depend B. all depends C. is all depended D. is all depending選B。It all ，意思為“要看情況而定了”，不用將來時態(tài)，也不用被動語態(tài)。I thought Jim would say something about his school report, but he ____ it. A. doesn’t mention B. hadn’t mentioned C. didn’t mention D. hasn’t mentioned選C。從前面一句I though可以看出是過去時態(tài)，用but連接的兩個并列句中的動作是發(fā)生在同一時間，所以后面的動詞也應該是過去時態(tài)。The first use of atomic weapons was in 1945, and their power ____ increased enormously ever since. A. is B. was C. has been D. had been選C。因為句子的時間狀語是ever since，意即“自從那時起”（“那時”指前面講到的1945年），所以是現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)。The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people ____ to eat more fruit and vegetables. A. persuade B. will persuade C. be persuaded D. are persuaded選D。因為“人們”和“說服”是動賓關系，所以用被動語態(tài)。More than a dozen students in that school ____ abroad to study medicine last year. A. sent B. were sent C had sent D. had been sent選B。因為學生是被送到國外學醫(yī)的，所以要用被動語態(tài)，而句末 時間狀語表明要用過去時態(tài)。Send my regards to your lovely wife when you ____ home. A. wrote B. will write C. have written D. write選D。這是祈使句中的狀語從句的動詞，所以用一般現(xiàn)在時態(tài)代替將來時態(tài)。When he turned professional at the age of 11, Mike ____ to bee a world champion by his coach and parents. A. expected B. was expecting C. was expected D. would be expected選C。根據整個句子的意思，可以判斷，是他的教練和父母期盼馬克成為世界冠軍，所以用被動語態(tài)，時間在他7歲的時候，顯然是過去時態(tài)。 “Did you tidy your room?”“No, I was going to tidy my room but I ____ visitors.” A. had B. have C. have had D. will have選A。根據前面的疑問句，可判斷談論的是過去的事情，而且回答的前半句也說明了時態(tài)：“我正要打掃屋子，但我有客人來訪了”是過去時態(tài)。With the help of high technology, more and more new substances ____ in the past years. A. discovered B. have discoveredC. had been discovered D. have been discovered選D。全句的時間狀語是in the past years，是典型的現(xiàn)在完成時態(tài)的時間狀語，而且“發(fā)現(xiàn)”與“新的物質材料”是動賓關系。情態(tài)動詞一、can, may, must 根據意思與習慣用法，我們可以把can, may, must分成以下兩組用法，方便學習與掌握。1．第一組用法見下表（主要在初中的時候我們所掌握的）：詞義肯定否定疑問過去式can能、會cancan’tCan...?couldmay可以maymustn’t/may notMay...?mightmust必須mustneedn’tMust...?must/had toA) can a) can的肯定、否定、疑問及過去式的例句：eg. Computers can do a lot of things for us. Money cannot buy everything.Can you speak French?I could run very fast when I was young. b) can與be able tocan與be able to的意思相近，經常可以互換使用，但是be able to除了有一般現(xiàn)在與過去時態(tài)之外，還有將來、完成等時態(tài)，所以要表示將來能夠或已經能夠做什么事，就要用be able to。 eg. You will be able to municate with foreigners fluently if you finish the course. The baby has been able to one or two simple sentences. 在用過去式的時候，could與was able to的意思不同，could表示的是“當時能夠做某事”的意思，而was/were able to表示的是“當時能夠，并且成功地做到了”的意思。 試比較： Einstein was able to flee Germany when Hitler came into power. I could pass the examination, but I was too careless. c) could在疑問句時用意表示請求，意義同can，是一種比較客氣的表達方式。 eg. Could you give me a hand?B) maya) may的肯定、否定、疑問及過去式的例句： eg. You may choose anyone here you like. —May I leave now? —Yes, of course/Sure. Go ahead. —No, you mustn’t. （注：口語中也能用cannot。）I was told that the boss might e to the office before 9 b)mustn’t與may not. mustn’t一般是說話人表示“不可以”或“禁止”，而may not一般是指按規(guī)定“不允許”的意思。試比較： You mustn’t leave the bike here. The sign on the wall reads, “Visitors may not feed the animals in the zoo.” c) may可放在句首，表示“祝愿”。 eg. May our friendship last forever.d) might有時用在疑問句中，只是一種比may更客氣一點，而非過去式。 eg. Might I have a few words with you, sir?C) must a) must的肯定、否定、疑問及過去式的例句： eg. Everyone must obey the rules. —Must I finish the work today? —Yes, you must. —No, you needn’t/don’t have to. He told me he must/had to see a doctor tomorrow morning. b) must與have to 用must更強調主觀上“必須”，而have to 更強調客觀上的“不得不”。 在間接引語中，主句動詞是過去式時，用had to多，但must也可以用。 have to有現(xiàn)在、過去和將來三種時態(tài)。 c) must有時可以表示“偏偏”“非...不可”的意思。 eg. Why must you make such a mess when the visitors are ing?2．第二組用法見下表：詞義肯定否定疑問過去式進行式can可能/一定/cannotCan...?can’t have donecan’t be doingmay可能maymay not/may have dongmay be doingmust一定must//must have donemust be doinga) can, may, must的第二種用法，是用來表示說話人的一種推測。其中may與must的區(qū)別其實是說話人對可能性大小所做判斷的區(qū)別，覺得可能性大，就用must，可能性小，就用may。而can與may, must是肯定、否定、疑問分工的不同。 現(xiàn)在時舉例：—Can Tom be in the classroom? —Yes, he must be there. 或—Yes, he may be there, but I’m not quite sure. 或—No, he can’t be there, because he hasn’t e to school today. 過去時舉例： I must have been asleep. I didn’t hear your footsteps. David became angry at the meeting. He may have misunderstood what I meant. James can’t have forgotten the examination yesterday. There must have been something wrong with him, I believe. b)表示可能性的否定句中有時也可用may，但意思與cannot有所不同。may not一般解釋為“可能不”，而cannot解釋為“不可能” c)表示可能性，也可以用might和could，但并非may和can的過去式，而是表示說話人覺得可能性實在是比較小了，有虛擬的意味。跟may與can一樣，might用在肯定句，could用在否定句和疑問句。might do的過去式是might have done，could的過去式是could have done。 eg. —Could it be Susan at the door? —Yes, it might be her.（現(xiàn)在口語中也可用could be回答） *d) could have done也可以用在肯定句里，表示過去有這種可能，但事實上沒有發(fā)生（虛擬語氣的用法）。 eg. It was dangerous to do so. You could have killed yourself!二、shall, will, would1．用在一般疑問句中，表示征求對方的意見。第一、第三人稱用shall，第二人稱用will或would。 eg. Shall turn on the TV? Shall my brother go with us? Will/Would you do me a favour?2．shall與第二、第三人稱連用，用在肯定、否定句中，表示“命令、允諾、警告、威脅，及說話人的意愿和決心”。 eg. You shall do it at once! He shall have the money when he finish his work on time. You shall fail if you don’t work hard. If Shylock breaks the law, everything he has shall be taken away from him.3．will在陳述句中可用于任何人稱，表示“意愿、意志、決心”等。有時也可用在條件句中。 eg. I will help you at any time if necessary. The captain will land you safe in Liverpool, if you will be man.4．will和would可以表示習慣性反復發(fā)生的動作，或在某一條件下，一定回發(fā)生的動作。這時，will一般指“現(xiàn)在”，would一般指“過去”。 eg. Oil will float on water, because it is lighter.