【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 o do）The teacher will not allow us to play football on the 。名詞Everyone thinks me a 。形容詞I found the bridge 。副詞Please call Jia Junpeng back to have ?，F(xiàn)在分詞I found Tom lying in bed, 。過去分詞He saw his face reflected in the 。　　大家別忘了，困擾很多考生的長難句其實(shí)就包括簡單句和復(fù)合句，而能從最基本的英語語法知識學(xué)起，自然是為順利攻克長難句打下了堅(jiān)實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)。2016考研英語語法之虛擬語氣虛擬語氣是考研英語語法基礎(chǔ)知識中的難點(diǎn)，很多同學(xué)從中學(xué)時(shí)候起就對這一知識點(diǎn)存在盲區(qū)，鑒于此，文都考研高端輔導(dǎo)中心特為廣大考生整理此文，希望大家在考研英語復(fù)習(xí)的基礎(chǔ)階段盡快知識盲區(qū)掃除。在英語中，以下情況需要使用虛擬語氣：　　一、 在if虛擬條件句中(又稱非真實(shí)條件句)，所表達(dá)的內(nèi)容與實(shí)際情況相反。情 況從 句主 句與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反V(過去式)/be用werewould/might/should/could + V (原)與過去事實(shí)相反had donewould/might/should/could + have + done與將來事實(shí)相反were to/should + V (原)would/might/should/could + V (原)　　例：If I knew German, I would read the book in the original. 如果我懂德語，我會讀這本書的德文原版。(實(shí)際情況是不懂德語)　　注：　　1. 在if 虛擬條件句中，有時(shí)把連詞if省去，采用倒裝語序把謂語部分中的were或had或 should移到句首構(gòu)成非真實(shí)條件句的另一種句型，其意思不變?！　±篧ere he to start out today, he would get there by Thursday. 要是他能今天出發(fā)，周四就能到了。(實(shí)際情況是今天沒有出發(fā)的計(jì)劃)　　2. 在錯(cuò)綜條件句中，虛擬條件從句和主句的動(dòng)作發(fā)生時(shí)間不一致，這時(shí)，主句和從句的謂語動(dòng)詞就要根據(jù)所指的時(shí)間選用適當(dāng)?shù)奶摂M語氣形式?！　±篐ad the case been tried in the . , they would have been put in jail and wouldn’t be there on holiday. 如果這個(gè)案件是在美國審理的話，那么他們會被判入獄，此刻也就不會去那度假了。(真實(shí)的情況是案件不是在美國審理的，他們也沒有入獄，而且他們現(xiàn)在正在度假。)　　二、虛擬語氣在從句中的應(yīng)用　　1. wish 后的賓語從句通常用虛擬語氣，表達(dá)不可實(shí)現(xiàn)的愿望。　　例：I wish I were a bird. 我希望我是一只鳥。(實(shí)際情況是人不可能是鳥。)　　具體用法：wish后的賓語從句如果是與現(xiàn)在事實(shí)相反，謂語用動(dòng)詞過去式，be用were。如果是與過去事實(shí)相反，謂語動(dòng)詞用過去完成時(shí)，即had done的形式。如果是與將來事實(shí)相反，則用would/ should + V(原形)?！　±篒 wish that my college life hadn’t finished. 我希望我的大學(xué)生活沒有結(jié)束。(實(shí)際情況是大學(xué)生活早已結(jié)束。)　　2. 在一些表示愿望、建議、請求、命令等含義的動(dòng)詞后面的賓語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形或“should+V (原)”來表示虛擬語氣。這類動(dòng)詞有：ask, mand, demand, insist, order, propose, suggest, move, desire, require, urge?！　±篒 move that we should cite the Hang Seng Index as a reference. 我提議參考恒生指數(shù)?！　?. 在“It is/ was +形容詞/ 動(dòng)詞(過去分詞) +that…”句型中，that 所引導(dǎo)的主語從句的謂語動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形或“should +V(原)”來表示虛擬語氣。這類形容詞有important，necessary，essential，natural，desirable，unusual，appropriate，imperative，preferable，possible?！　±篒t is highly desirable that a new principal (should) be appointed for this school.　　It is suggested that he (should) be sent to the American Stock Exchange.　　4. 在idea, necessity, plan, motion, order, proposal, suggestion, remendation 等抽象名詞有關(guān)同位語或表語從句中，謂語動(dòng)詞用動(dòng)詞原形或should+動(dòng)詞原形　　例：My idea is that the doctor be hired at a handsome salary.　　5. 在as if, as though 引導(dǎo)的從句中一般用虛擬語氣?！　±篠he loves the children in the kindergarten as if they were her own.　　6. 有時(shí)虛擬語氣隱含在由轉(zhuǎn)折連詞or, otherwise, but, though , except, save (除了…之外)等及介詞but for, without所引導(dǎo)的結(jié)構(gòu)中?！　±篧ithout electricity, there would be no modern industry.　　7. 在lest, for fear that, in case引導(dǎo)的狀語從句中,多用“should +V (原)”表示虛擬?！　±篢hey are working hard for fear that they should lose the last cast.　　8. 在would(had) rather, would sooner, would just as soon as 后的從句中，要用虛擬語氣，表示希望或婉轉(zhuǎn)的責(zé)備，動(dòng)詞用過去時(shí)表示當(dāng)時(shí)或?qū)淼那闆r，用過去完成時(shí)表示過去的情況?！　±篋on’t e today. I would rather you came tomorrow.　　I’d just as soon you had returned the book.　　9. 在“It is time”引導(dǎo)的從句中，其謂語動(dòng)詞用過去式或should+ V(原)。注意用should時(shí)不能將其省略。　　例：It is high time that we should put an end to environmental pollution.　　10. if only 引導(dǎo)省略了結(jié)果主語的虛擬語氣結(jié)構(gòu)。表達(dá)愿望意思是“要是…就好了…”　　例：If only I attended the United nations General Assembly.　　11. suppose, supposing 都可單獨(dú)引起一個(gè)句子，用于提出建議或假設(shè)。 都可引導(dǎo)虛擬條件句　　例：Suppose there were no gravitational forces, objects would not fall to the ground when dropped.　　12. 某些表示祝愿的句子也用虛擬語氣，可用動(dòng)詞原形，may +V(原) 或用as it were 作為插入語?！　±篖ong live world peace. 世界和平萬歲。　　May you be happy all your life. 祝你一生幸福。2016考研英語語法篇：賓語從句定義及其連接詞賓語從句就是由一個(gè)句子來構(gòu)成主句的賓語，并有一個(gè)連接詞引導(dǎo)。引導(dǎo)賓語從句的連接詞分類：　　(一)從屬連詞　　連接賓語從句的從屬連詞主要有that，if，whether?！　?. that引導(dǎo)表示陳述句的賓語從句。當(dāng)賓語從句是陳述句時(shí)(包括肯定句和否定句)，連詞由that引導(dǎo)，因?yàn)閠hat在從句中不作任何成分，也沒有任何具體意思，因此在口語或非正式文體中常省略。例如：　　Lin Tao feels (that) his own team is even better.　　Jim thought (that) the train was like a big moving party.　　He said (that) he would like to see the headmaster.　　2. if和whether，whether...or not引導(dǎo)表示“是否”的一般疑問句的賓語從句。例如：　　I don’t know if there will be a bus any more.　　我不知道是否還會有公交車?！　obody knew whether he could pass the exam.　　沒有人知道他是否會通過考試?！　?，不用if?！　?) whether引導(dǎo)的從句?？梢耘c連詞or或or not直接連用。例如：　　Let me know whether you can e or not. (√ )　　Let me know if you can e or not. ()　　2)當(dāng)賓語從句提到句首時(shí)，只能用whether引導(dǎo)。例如：　　Whether it is true or not, I can’t tell. (√ )　　If it is true or not, I can’t tell. ()　　3) whether可以引導(dǎo)帶to的不定式。例如：　　I don’t know whether to accept or refuse. (√ )　　I don’t know if to accept or refuse. ()　　4) whether及其引導(dǎo)的成分可放于介詞之后，作介詞的賓語。例如：　　I worry about whether I hurt her feelings. (√ )　　I worry about if I hurt her feelings. ()　　(二)連接代詞　　連接代詞主要有who，whom，whose，what，whoever，whomever，whosever，whatever， whichever等。連接代詞一般指疑問，但what, whatever除了指疑問外，也可以指陳述。例如：　　Do you know who has won Red Alert game?　　你知道是誰贏得了紅色警戒的游戲么?　　The book will show you what the best CEOs should know.　　這本書會告訴你最好的執(zhí)行總裁該了解什么。　　Have you determined whichever you should buy, an iphone or a samsung cell phone?　　你決定好是買蘋果還是三星手機(jī)了嗎?　　(三)連接副詞　　連接副詞主要有when，where，why，how，whenever，wherever，however等。例如：　　He didn’t tell me when we should meet again.　　他沒有告訴我什么時(shí)候我們能再見面。　　Could you please tell me how you use the new panel?　　你能告訴我怎么用這個(gè)新的操作盤嗎?　　None of us knows where these new parts can be bought.　　沒有人知道這些的新的零件能在哪里買到。2016考研英語語法篇：賓語從句的分類賓語從句可分為動(dòng)詞賓語從句、介詞賓語從句和形容詞賓語從句。一、動(dòng)賓從句，例如：We all expect(that)they will win, for members of their team are stronger.我們都預(yù)料他們會贏，因?yàn)樗麄兊年?duì)員更強(qiáng)壯。He told us(that)they would help us through the whole work.他告訴我們在整個(gè)工作中，他們都會幫忙的。“動(dòng)詞+副詞”結(jié)構(gòu)也可以帶賓語從句，例如：I have found out（that）all the tickets for the concert have been sold out.我發(fā)現(xiàn)這場音樂會的所有票都賣光了。，例如：常見的短語有：make sure確保，make up one’s mind下決心，keep in mind牢記等。例如：【例句】★Make sure that there are no mistakes in your papers before you hand them in.當(dāng)你在上交試卷前確保沒有任何錯(cuò)誤。1)動(dòng)詞find, feel, consider, make, believe, think等后面有賓語補(bǔ)足語的時(shí)候，則需要用it作形式賓語而將that賓語從句后置。例如：I think it necessary that we take p