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英語中一些 單 詞 是 及物 還是 不及物 , 可能與漢語不同。如果我們在記單詞的時只 記 拼寫 、讀音而不記 詞性 的話 ,我們就不 知道如何 使用它們,所以 我們在記 單詞時一定 要把 單詞 詞性記準(zhǔn)記牢。 ) 注意:英語中一個動詞是及物動詞還是不及物動詞,關(guān)鍵是看它用在句中時后面是否跟賓語。 實(shí)義動詞 指的是那些意 義完全且能夠獨(dú)立作謂語的動詞。 ) He has arrived. (has 用來幫助構(gòu)成現(xiàn)在完成時,和arrived 一起作謂語,是助動詞 。 did 只是幫助構(gòu)成倒裝句,沒有具體意義,是助動詞 。 has had 一起構(gòu)成了句子的謂語。也就是說,非謂語是指:動詞不定式 、 動名詞 、 現(xiàn)在分詞和過去分詞。 考點(diǎn) 7. The girls are singing over there are my classmates. 在那邊唱歌的那些女孩是我的同學(xué)。 主動關(guān)系 : 從邏輯關(guān)系上看,相當(dāng)于主動語態(tài)。如: He asked me to lend him some 一些錢。如: He invited us to e to the party. (us 是賓語, to e to the party 是賓語補(bǔ)足語;賓語和賓語補(bǔ)足語合 在 一起稱為復(fù)合賓語。 , you 和 to help me 構(gòu)成了邏輯上的主謂關(guān)系?!?數(shù)的變化 ” 是指謂語動詞用什么形式 , 還受前面主語是單數(shù)還是復(fù)數(shù)的影響。 1. 劃分句子成分時的常用符號 英語中劃 分 句子成分的符號 主語 在下面 畫 直線 謂語 在下面 畫 曲線 賓語 在下面 畫 雙橫線 定語 在下面 畫 虛線 (一行點(diǎn)使我們想到一排釘子, “釘 ”諧音為 “定語 ”的 “定 ”) 狀語 下面為短橫線 (短橫線使我們想到短木樁,木樁撞(狀)鐘) 補(bǔ)語 上一短橫,下一短橫(下一短橫好像是為了彌補(bǔ)上面短橫間的空隙) 同位語 上下雙曲線,(雖都有曲折 ,上下位置基本相同 2. 主語 主語是一個句子所敘述的主體,一般位于句首 ,通常由名詞性的詞來充當(dāng)。如: You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold. My sister is crying over there. I have been waiting for you all the time. I would stay at home all day. 由系動詞加表語構(gòu)成。 They planted many trees yesterday. (How many dictionaries do you have?) I have five. They helped the old with their housework yesterday. I wanted to buy a car. I enjoy listening to popular music. I think( that) he is fit for his office. 6. 賓語補(bǔ)足語 英語中有些及物 動詞,除有一個直接賓語以外,還要有一個賓語補(bǔ)語,才能使句子的意義完整。 He was elected monitor. She was found singing in the next room. He was advised to teach the lazy boy a lesson. 8. 定語 定語是對名詞或代詞起修飾、限定作用的詞、短語或句子,漢語中常用 “…… 的 ” 表示。 I have something to say. (直譯:我有要說的話 ) The boy crying over there is my classmate.(在那邊哭的那個男孩) The house built last year is impressive.(去年建的那座房子) 口頭翻 譯下列句子,用下 畫 線標(biāo)出定語部分,留意定語的位置,并說明定語是 由 什么詞性或結(jié)構(gòu)充當(dāng)。因此,狀語的種類很多,可以表示時間、地點(diǎn)、原因、目的、結(jié)果、程度、條件、方式和讓步 等。 1. Dark clouds hung overhead. ( ) 2. Gradually a smile appeared on her face. ( ) 3. He is smiling all over his face. ( ) 4. I did well in English. ( ) 5. He talked loudly in the classroom yesterday. ( ) 基本句型二: S V P (主+系+表) 系動詞主要是 be, 但還有一些動詞有些時候也可作系動詞,有人稱之為半系動詞。 ① The door stays open at night. ② He tasted the food, and the food tasted delicious. ③ The book still lies open on the desk. ④ What he said proved true. ⑤ He can’t proved his theory(理論 ). 常見的系動詞 狀態(tài)系動詞 用來表示主語狀態(tài),只有 be一詞 。 表 “ 像 ” 系動詞 用來表示 “ 看起來像 ” 這一概念,主要有 seem, appear, look。 He became mad after that. 自那之后,他瘋了。 如: The rumor proved false. 這 謠言證實(shí)有假。 練習(xí) 1. People all over the world speak English. 練習(xí) 2. Jim cannot dress himself. 練習(xí) 3. All of us believe that Jack is an honest boy. 練習(xí) 4. He did not know what to say. 練習(xí) 5. He just wanted to stay at home. 練習(xí) 6. He practices speaking English every day. 基本句型四: S V o O (主+謂+間賓 +直賓) 有些及物動詞可以有兩個賓語,如: give“ 給 ” ,pass“ 遞 ” , bring“ 帶 ” , show“ 顯示 ” 。 一般用 to 多些,用 for 的記住常用的三個就行: get, buy, make。 它其實(shí)是倒裝的一種情況,主語位于謂語動詞 be 之后, there 僅為引導(dǎo)詞 (也有看作形式主語的) ,并無實(shí)際意義。 at 答案: B, D there be 與 have 的區(qū)別 there be … “ 某地有某物,某時有某事 ” ; have 表示 “ 某人擁有某物 ” 。 句 ② 意為:她離開時還是一個害羞的女孩,回來時卻是一位年輕的母親。)把兩個或兩個以上的簡單句連在一起構(gòu)成。 August is the time of the year for rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. 復(fù)合句 復(fù)合句含有兩個或兩個以上主謂結(jié)構(gòu),其中一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)作另一個的成分。 ) The boy who is wearing a hat is my brother. ( The boy over there is my 一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu) ,是簡單句。 在上面句 1 中, what 是連接詞;在句 2 中,關(guān)系代詞 who 就是連接詞;在句 3 中, when 起連接作 用。 改為簡單句 : 把 其中的 一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的謂語 破壞掉 ,從而 使其 變成獨(dú)立主格結(jié)構(gòu)。 of them C. studying。 is 為謂語動詞, sings in the tree 實(shí)際上是作 bird 的定語, bird 和 sing 構(gòu)成主動關(guān)系,用現(xiàn)在分詞作定語,因此,把 sings 改為現(xiàn)在分詞 singing。 1. T 2. F 3. T 4. T 5. T 句子 成 分 在下面句子的主語下面 畫 橫線。 謂語為 has been sold out; “去年建的 ”作 “The house”的定語,兩者構(gòu)成被動關(guān)系,用過去分詞作后置定語,因此,把 was 去掉。 of whom Everywhere you can see people in their holiday dress, ______ with smiles. A. their faces are shining B. whose faces shining C. their faces shining D. faces shining whose Many students ______ around, I explained the story into details. A. stood B. standing C. to stand D. were standing I have five friends, some of ______ are businessmen. A. that B. whom C. they D. them I have five friends, but none of ______ are business men. A. that B. whom C. they D. them 【 2020 上海 】 ________ at the photos, illustrations, title and headings and you can guess what the reading is about. A. To look B. Looking C. Having looked D. Look 高中英語語法通霸 2020 版 答案: 句子結(jié)構(gòu)及成分 相關(guān)概念 指出下列句中 畫 線動詞是及物動詞還是不及物動詞,及物 動詞 填 vt.,不及物填 vi.。 ) 改標(biāo)點(diǎn) : 把逗號改為分號 (根據(jù)句意有時也可用冒號、破折號等)。 We often study Chinese history on Friday afternoon. The boy who offered me his seat is called Tom. There is a chair in this room, isn’t there? My brother and I go to school at half past seven in the morning and e back home at seven in the evening. He is in Class One and I am in Class Two. He was fond of drawing when he was yet a child. Neither has he changed his mind, nor will he do so. What he said at the meeting is very important, isn’t it? 11 The farmer is showing the boy how to plant a tree. Both Tom and Jack enjoy country music. Right now it is the summer vacation and I’m helping my Dad on the farm. It is the time of year for the rice harvest, so every day I work from dawn until dark. Sometimes we go on working after dark by the lights of our tractors. We grow rice in the south of the States, but in the north where it is colder they grow wheat. Although the farm is large, my Dad has only two men working for him. 引導(dǎo)的是什么從句,不僅要根據(jù)連詞,還要根據(jù)句子結(jié)構(gòu)和句意來判別 說出下列復(fù)合句中, where 引導(dǎo)的是什么從句。) III. I was doing my homework at six. (只有一個主謂結(jié)構(gòu),是簡單句 。 ) 當(dāng)簡單句的一個成分從詞或詞組變?yōu)榫渥訒r,整個句子就成為復(fù)合句了。如: You help him and he hel