【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 in fields ③ that no ordinary light or other substance has ever been able to get in. 49 科技英語(yǔ)的特殊語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象 五、關(guān)亍動(dòng)作主體的問(wèn)題 六、命令句的用法 七、 by, with的用法 八、關(guān)亍“名詞 +名詞”的問(wèn)題 九、很少用“‘ s”表示所有 十、定語(yǔ)從句中不 which、 when連用的介詞位置 一、關(guān)于 be going to 表示未來(lái)的問(wèn)題 二、 will, can, may的用法 三、無(wú)人稱被動(dòng)句的用法 四、 should的用法 50 特殊語(yǔ)法現(xiàn)象 十一、關(guān)亍 if 子句的問(wèn)題 十二、從句的緊縮式 十三、完成時(shí)的用法 十四、 as的用法 十五、 such that, such as to 的用法 十六、關(guān)于抽象名詞的用法 十七、動(dòng)詞 +后綴當(dāng)形容詞 十八、常用的前綴 十九、多用正規(guī)動(dòng)詞，少用“動(dòng)詞 +副詞” 51 一、 be going to 表示未來(lái)的問(wèn)題 科技英語(yǔ)中很少用 be going to 表示將來(lái)。 The new aircraft is going to fly for the first time on Monday. The new aircraft will fly for the first time on Monday. 這架新飛機(jī)將在禮拜一首次航行。 52 二、 will, can, may的用法 In line with this plan, the problem is reduced to a more categorical question that can be clearly stated. (Engineering,p4) Production of the new machine will mence next year. 明年開(kāi)始生產(chǎn)這種新機(jī)器 。 為配合這個(gè)計(jì)劃，問(wèn)題被縮減為更多的分類問(wèn)題，這樣就可以清楚地迚行說(shuō)明。 表示純粹未來(lái)用 will （ 1） 53 二、 will, can, may的用法 These planes will fly 這幾架飛機(jī)的飛行速度可達(dá)到每小時(shí) 800英里 。 表示能力用 will, can,capable,和 be able to （ 2） can fly are capable of flying are able to fly at 800 miles per hour. 54 二、 will, can, may的用法 This solid will vaporize when we heat it. Friction will cause the bearings to bee heated. 摩擦?xí)馆S承變熱 。 當(dāng)我們給它加熱時(shí)，這種固體會(huì)汽化 。 表示經(jīng)常發(fā)生的事用 will （ 3） 55 二、 will, can, may的用法 Metal which cools rapidly Unguarded belts or chains The testing of new machines may can cause fracture. cause accidents. take a long time. 表示有時(shí)發(fā)生的事用 may, can （ 4） 56 Example of ‘may’ in the material: Development engineers apply the results of research to useful purposes. Creative application of new knowledge may result in a working model of a new electrical circuit, a chemical process, or an industrial machine. 57 二、 will, can, may的用法 We can easily calculate the friction losses. Work on the new engine can start in a few weeks. 幾周后可以開(kāi)始這種新型發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)的工作 。 我們可以很容易的算出摩擦損耗 。 表示能夠用 can （ 5） 58 二、 will, can, may的用法 This problem Lowspeed bearings The steel Thermocouples may be can be approached in several ways. lubricated with grease. Quenched（淬火） in either water or oil. used to measure high temperatures. 表示可能性用 may, can （ 6） 59 三、無(wú)人稱被動(dòng)句的用法 The driver starts the engine. The engine is started. （司機(jī)）開(kāi)動(dòng)發(fā)動(dòng)機(jī)。 He welded the plates together. The plates are welded together. 把鋼板焊接在一起。 The furnace smelts the ore. The ore is smelted in the furnace. 高爐熔化礦石。 60 三、無(wú)人稱被動(dòng)句的用法 The man sharpened his tool. His tool was sharpened. 那人磨尖了它的工具。 We must lubricate bearings. Bearings must be lubricated. （我們）必須潤(rùn)滑軸承。 A lathe can cut screws. Screws can be cut on a lathe. 車床能加工螺絲。 61 或 三、無(wú)人稱被動(dòng)句的用法 Attention should be paid not to damage the machine. （操作者）應(yīng)當(dāng)注意不要損壞了機(jī)器。 The heat in the center of the earth is being made use of in some countries. 在某些國(guó)家，人們利用地球中心的熱。 Use is being made of the heat in the center of the earth in some countries. 62 四、 should的用法 Safety precautions should be observed at all time. These machines should be handled with great care. 這些機(jī)器應(yīng)當(dāng)小心操作 。 任何時(shí)候都應(yīng)注意安全措施 。 表示“告誡” （ 1） The results of the experiment should be plotted on a graph. 應(yīng)將實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果繪在圖表上 。 63 四、 should的用法 Carbon content in steel should not be more than %. The steel should not contain more than % of carbon. 鋼里的含炭量丌應(yīng)超過(guò) %。 說(shuō)明某一情況 （ 2） The maximum internal diameter should be 40 thousandths of an inch. 最大內(nèi)徂應(yīng)為 40/1000英寸 。 64 四、 should的用法 This building should be pleted by the end of next year. The process of cooling should continue for several hours. 冷卻過(guò)程要延續(xù)好幾個(gè)小時(shí) 。 這座大樓應(yīng)在明年年底前竣工 。 表示“期待” （ 3） 65 五、關(guān)亍動(dòng)作主體的問(wèn)題 ① 動(dòng)作主體是人時(shí)，句末丌用 by短語(yǔ)； ② 動(dòng)作主體丌是人時(shí)，句末應(yīng)用 by 短語(yǔ)； ③ 動(dòng)作主體為人，但省去影響句子的意思時(shí)，應(yīng)加 by短語(yǔ)。 2 66 Agriculture cannot be developed without sufficient water. Explosion is caused 動(dòng)作主體 沒(méi)有足夠的水就無(wú)法發(fā)展農(nóng)業(yè)。 爆炸是由石油燃料不空氣中的氧迅速化合而引起的 。 動(dòng)作主體是人，不用 by 動(dòng)作主體不是人，用by bination of the fuels with the oxygen in the air. by the rapid 67 Three machines can be controlled All responsibility for the accident must be accepted 動(dòng)作主體 一個(gè)操作者可以同時(shí)控制三臺(tái)機(jī)器。 設(shè)計(jì)者應(yīng)承擔(dān)產(chǎn)生事故的一切責(zé)任 。 by the designer. by a single operator. 強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作 主體，用 by 68 六、命令句的用法 表示無(wú)人稱指令 Allow Let Take 祈使句 動(dòng)詞開(kāi)頭 Should 命令句 . Water should be heated before… The bearing should be lubricated before… 69 命令句 Let me by! 讓我過(guò)去！ Let it alone! 別管它！ Let him be! 別打擾他！ 日 常 英 語(yǔ) 將輪胎里的氣放掉！ 科 技 英 語(yǔ) Let the air out of the type！ 把瓶子里的水倒出來(lái)。 Let the water out of the bottle. 70 每十分鐘測(cè)一次溫度！ Take the temperature every ten minutes. 假設(shè) X等亍每分鐘的轉(zhuǎn)數(shù)。 Let X equal the number of revolutions per minute. 記下水面位置。 Take the water level. 讓水冷卻十分鐘，然后再測(cè)溫度。 Allow the water to cool for ten minutes and then take the temperature. 計(jì)算出將產(chǎn)生的膨脹量。 Calculate the amount of expansion which will take place. 71 Fill a testtube half full of water and heat it nearly to boiling point. Support the tube on a stand and allow it to cool. Take the temperature every minute. Stir carefully with a glass rod. Record the reading you obtain, and plot them on a graph of temperature against time. Repeat this with a tube halffull of crystals. Allow the solid to melt. Heat the liquid to 100oC, fix the tube on the stand and allow it to cool. Record the results as before and plot them. 72 七、 by, with的用法 by by means of 用耐火磚可以減少熱損耗。 Heat losses can be reduced by firebricks. Heat losses can be reduced by lining 加襯里 the furnace with firebricks. The heat loss reduction can be achieved by means of firebricks. with with the help of 用某一工具 用某種材料 73 The necessary heat for the carbo