國際勞工組織ilo的歷史與(編輯修改稿)
2025-02-14 01:13 本頁面
【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 后者在專家委員會(huì)報(bào)告中公布。成員國有義務(wù)對(duì)質(zhì)詢作出答復(fù)。對(duì)直接詢問 3次不滿意的，改為評(píng)論意見予以公布 – 對(duì)違反公約的各類指控接受調(diào)查和質(zhì)詢 ：根據(jù)勞工組織章程規(guī)定，各國政府、雇主和工會(huì)都有權(quán)針對(duì)某一成員國未能切實(shí)遵守和履行已批準(zhǔn)的公約規(guī)定的情況，向國際勞工局長提出指控，有關(guān)國家政府必須作出詳細(xì)答復(fù) 國際勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：核心公約 ? 消除強(qiáng)迫勞動(dòng)公約 (Conventions 29 and 105) – forced labor is “all work or service which is exacted from any person under the menace of any penalty and for which the said person has not offered himself voluntarily.” ? 消除童工公約 (Conventions 138 and 182) – Aside from violating children’s basic human rights, sending children to work rather than to school perpetuates poverty and promises economic growth. Each signatory, regardless of level of economic development, agrees to design and implement a course of action, effectively monitor implementation and apply appropriate sanctions. 國際勞工公約：核心公約 ? 消除就業(yè)和職業(yè)歧視公約 (Conventions 100 and 111) – “any distinction, exclusion or preference” made “on the basis of race, color, sex, religion, political opinion, national extraction or social origin – It is central to achieving greater social justice while also promoting development through a more efficient allocation of resources. ? 自由結(jié)社和組織集體談判公約 (Conventions 87 and 98) 國際勞工標(biāo)準(zhǔn)：核心公約 Freedom of association and collective bargaining Elimination of forced and pulsory labor Elimination of discrimination in respect of employment and occupation Abolition of child labor C87 C98 C29 C105 C100 C111 C138 C182 Total of 183 150 160 174 171 167 169 154 171 Africa (53) 48 52 53 53 50 53 47 50 Americas (35) 33 32 33 35 33 33 30 34 Asia (44) 19 25 37 32 33 32 27 37 Europe (51) 50 51 51 51 51 51 50 50 國際勞工公約 ? 中國加入國際勞工公約的情況 – 1949年之前： 14個(gè)公約 – 19491971年： 23公約 – 1983年：對(duì)前 14個(gè)公約全部予以承認(rèn)，對(duì)后 24個(gè)公約的批準(zhǔn)宣布為違法、無效 – 19832022： 9個(gè)公約 國際勞工公約 ? C7 Minimum Age (Sea) Convention, 1920 02:12:1936 ? C11 Right of Association (Agriculture) Convention, 1921 27:04:1934 ? C14 Weekly Rest (Industry)
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