【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 1） when, where, why ? 關(guān)系副詞有 when, where, why，在定語從句中作狀語，分別表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)和原因。 when的先行詞通常是 time, day, season, age, occasion等時(shí)間名詞； where的先行詞通常是 place, city, town, village, house, case, situation, scenes等地點(diǎn)或情形名詞； why的先行詞只能是 reason。 關(guān)系副詞的一般用法 CNPC托福考試輔導(dǎo)系列 47 （二）定語從句 ? 關(guān)系副詞 when, where, why的含義相當(dāng)于 介詞 + which結(jié)構(gòu)，因此常常和 介詞 + which結(jié)構(gòu)交替使用， why可用for which代替。如： ? There are occasions when (=on which) one must yield. 任何人都有不得不屈服的時(shí)候 ? Beijing is the place where (=in which) I was born. 北京是我的出生地 ? Is this the reason why (=for which) he refused our offer? 這就是他拒絕我們幫助他的理由嗎？ 關(guān)系副詞的一般用法 CNPC托?？荚囕o導(dǎo)系列 48 （二）定語從句 2） that代替關(guān)系副詞 that可以用于表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、方式、理由的名詞后取代when, where, why和 介詞 + which引導(dǎo)的定語從句，在口語中 that常被省略；換句話說：先行詞雖然是時(shí)間或地點(diǎn)，但若在定語從句中作主語或賓語時(shí)，要用關(guān)系代詞。例如： 關(guān)系副詞的一般用法 The factory where his father worked has closed. 他父親曾工作的那家工廠關(guān)閉了。 (作狀語 ) The factory which/that was built in 1978 has closed. 1978年建的那家工廠關(guān)閉了。 (作主語 ) 比 較： I?ll never fet the days when we lived together 我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我們一起生活的那些日子。 (作狀語 ) I?ll never fet the days (that) we spent in Australia 我永遠(yuǎn)也忘不了我們?cè)诎拇罄麃喍冗^的那些日子。 (作及物動(dòng)詞 spent的賓語 ) reason (why) she was ill was that she had eaten bad meat 她生病的原因是她吃了變質(zhì)的肉。 作狀語，用關(guān)系副詞 ) The reason (that) he gave for his absence was obviously fabricated. 他所說的缺席理由顯然是編造的。 (作 gave的賓語， 用關(guān)系代詞 ) BACK CNPC托?？荚囕o導(dǎo)系列 49 （二）定語從句 ? 方法一 ：用關(guān)系代詞還是關(guān)系副詞完全取決于從句中的謂語動(dòng)詞。及物動(dòng)詞后面若無賓語，就必須要求用關(guān)系代詞；而不及物動(dòng)詞則要求用關(guān)系副詞。例如： ? This is the mountain village where I stayed last year. ? This is the book（ that） you bought yesterday. 從句中的 stay是不及物動(dòng)詞，不需要后接賓語， 所以用關(guān)系副詞 where引導(dǎo) 從句中 bought是及物動(dòng)詞，需要后接賓語，所以 用關(guān)系代詞 that做從句中的賓語，可省 .. CNPC托?？荚囕o導(dǎo)系列 50 （二）定語從句 判斷、改錯(cuò) [ ] This is the mountain village where I visited last year. [ ] I will never fet the days when I spent in the countryside. 習(xí)慣上總把表地點(diǎn)或時(shí)間的名詞與關(guān)系副詞 where, when 聯(lián)系在一起。此兩題錯(cuò)在關(guān)系詞的誤用上。 This is the mountain village (which) I visited last year. I39。ll never fet the days (which) I spent in the countryside. F F CNPC托福考試輔導(dǎo)系列 51 （二）定語從句 ? 方法二 ： 準(zhǔn)確判斷先行詞在定語從句中的成分 (主、謂、賓、定、狀 )，也能正確選擇出關(guān)系代詞 /關(guān)系副詞。 ? 例 1. Is this museum ___ you visited a few days ago? A. where B. that C. on which D. the one ? 例 2. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held. A. where B. that C. on which D. the one D A 變?yōu)榭隙ň?:This museum is ___ you visited a few days 缺部分為賓語，而 where, that, on which都不能起到賓語的作用，只有 the one既做了主句的表語，又可做從句的賓語，可以省略關(guān)系代詞，所以應(yīng)選 D。 變?yōu)榭隙ň?:This is the museum ___ the exhibition was held. 主、謂、賓俱全，從句部分為句子的狀語表地點(diǎn)，既可用副詞where，又因 in the museum詞組，可用介詞 in + which 引導(dǎo)地點(diǎn)狀語。而此題中，介詞 on 用的不對(duì)，所以選 A。 CNPC托福考試輔導(dǎo)系列 52 關(guān) 系 詞 的 選擇 依據(jù)其在 從 句中所做的成分，先行 詞 在 從 句中 做主、定、 賓語時(shí) ， 選擇關(guān) 系代 詞 (who, whom, that, which, whose)； 先行 詞 在 從 句中做 狀語時(shí) ， 應(yīng)選擇關(guān) 系副 詞 ( where 地點(diǎn) 狀語 ， when 時(shí)間狀語 ， why 原因 狀語 )。 BACK CNPC托?？荚囕o導(dǎo)系列 53 定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí) ? Those _____ not only from books but also through practice will succeed． A． learn B． who C． that D． who learn ? Anyone _____ this opinion may speak out． A． that againsts B． that against C． who is against D． who are against D 先行詞是 those， 在從句中作主語，不能省略關(guān)系代詞， 謂語動(dòng)詞用復(fù)數(shù)形式 C against是介詞，要與 be動(dòng)詞連用；先行詞是 anyone， 謂語動(dòng)詞用單數(shù)形式。 CNPC托?？荚囕o導(dǎo)系列 54 定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí) ? The place _______interested me most was the Children39。s Palace. A. Which B. where C. what D. in which ? which用作關(guān)系代詞，在定語從句中作主語。 ? Do you know the man _______? A. whom I spoke B. to who spoke B. C. I spoke to D. that I spoke ? 和誰講話”要說 speak to sb. 本題全句應(yīng)為 Do you know the man whom I spoke to. whom是關(guān)系代詞，作介詞 to的賓語，可以省略。 A C CNPC托?？荚囕o導(dǎo)系列 55 定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí) ? Didn?t you see the man _____? A． I nodded just now B． whom I nodded just now C． I nodded to him just now D． I nodded to just now ? nod to表示“向某人點(diǎn)頭”；定語從句的關(guān)系代詞為whom, that， 在從句中作介詞賓語，可以省略。 ? Have you seen the girl _____? A． that I told B． I told you of C． whom I told you D． I told you of him ? tell sb． of sth表示“告訴某人某事”，定語從句的關(guān)系代詞為 whom或 that， 在從句中作介詞賓語，可以省略。 D B CNPC托?？荚囕o導(dǎo)系列 56 定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí) ? Can you lend me the novel _____ the other day? A． that you talked B． you talked about it C． which you talked with D． you talked about ? 定語從句的關(guān)系代詞為 which或 that， 在從句中作介詞about的賓語，可以省略。 ? The matter _____ you were arguing about last night has been settled． A． that B． what C． why D． for which ? 先行詞是物，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語，可省。 D A CNPC托福考試輔導(dǎo)系列 57 定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí) ? His parents wouldn?t let him marry anyone _____ family was poor． A． that B． which C． who?s D． whose ? 先行詞是人，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作定語，修飾 family． ? Please pass me the dictionary _____ cover is black． A． which B． which of C． its D． whose ? 先行詞是物，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作定語，修飾 cover． D D CNPC托?？荚囕o導(dǎo)系列 58 定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí) ? That scientist _____ work is successful has been made a model worker． A． which B． who C． who?s D． whose ? 先行詞是人，關(guān)系代詞在從句中作定語，修飾 work． ? —How do you like the book? —It?s quite different from _____ I read last month． A. that B. which C. the one D． the one what ? 主句中缺少先行詞，加上一個(gè) the one作為先行詞；關(guān)系代詞在從句中作賓語，可以省略。 D C CNPC托福考試輔導(dǎo)系列 59 定語從句專項(xiàng)練習(xí) ? He often helps the students _____ he thinks are not quick at their studies． A. whom B. who C. when D. because ? he thinks是插入語， who在從句中作主語。 ? I will hire the man _____ they say is a good English speaker． A. who B. what C. which D． whom ? they say是插