[經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)]國(guó)際貿(mào)易ch(編輯修改稿)
2024-11-12 22:14 本頁(yè)面
【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 據(jù)假定的 (3)式和 (5)式，最后如能證明 I國(guó) X商品、 II國(guó) Y商品具有比較優(yōu)勢(shì)就可以了。即證明 PX/PY＜ px/py，換言之能證明 PX/PY－ px/py＜ 0就可以了。根據(jù) (1)式： ???????????????????????????????????????39。ρq39。ρqa39。ar39。r39。ρQ39。ρQA39。AR39。Rb39。r39。a39。w39。brawB39。R39。A39。W39。BRAW/pp/PP2211yxYX2021/11/10 華中科技大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院 劉海云 22 例： ? 再把 (2)式和 (4)式考慮進(jìn)去，就成為： )39。ρ(q)ρ39。ρ()39。ρ(Qq)(QA39。A39。ρq39。ρq39。ρQ39。ρQA39。A/pp/PP11112211yxYX?????????????????????2021/11/10 華中科技大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院 劉海云 23 例： 但是根據(jù)假定 ,Q＜ q,ρ＜ ρ 39。,所以 (Q－ q)＜ 0,(ρ39。－ ρ)＞ 0, 即 : (Q－ q)(ρ139。－ ρ1)＜ 0 (6) 因此，最后整個(gè)式子是負(fù)數(shù)。從而證明了 PX/PY－ px/py＜ 0,即 PX/PY＜ px/py 2021/11/10 華中科技大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院 劉海云 24 FactorPrice Equalization Theorem and Ine Distribution It was Paul Samuelson (1976 Nobel Prize in economics) who rigorously proved this theorem (corollary) (also called HOS theorem) 2021/11/10 華中科技大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院 劉海云 25 The Factorprice Equalization Theorem We can state the factorprice equalization (HOS) theorem as follows: International trade will bring about equalization in the relative and absolute returns to homogeneous factors across nations. As such, international trade is a substitute for the international mobility of factors. 2021/11/10 華中科技大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院 劉海云 26 The Factorprice Equalization Theorem ? For example: Labor in all trading nations will have the same return (wages)。 capital return will be the same too. 2021/11/10 華中科技大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院 劉海云 27 The Factorprice Equalization Theorem ? In national 1, We know that in the absence of trade the relative price of modity X is lower in Nation 1 than in Nation 2 because the relative price of labor, or the wage rate, is lower in Nation 1. As Nation 1 specializes in the production of modity X (the Lintensive modity) and reduces its production of modity Y (the Kintensive modity), the relative demand for labor rises, causing wages (W) to rise, while the relative demand for capital falls, causing the interest rate (r) to fall. 2021/11/10 華中科技大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院 劉海云 28 Relative and Absolute FactorPrice Equalization ? If all the assumptions hold. There would be a one to one relationship between w/r and PX/PY. Relative factorprice equalization means and also w/r=(w/r)* see Figure 55 2021/11/10 華中科技大學(xué)經(jīng)濟(jì)學(xué)院 劉海云 29 Relative and Absolute FactorPrice Equalization ? Absolute
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