【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 l? Structured method was the first wave of the software industry. This was the beginning of transforming software development from a (34) industry39。 to mass production. Software process movement if the second wave in the software industry. The process maturity movement prepares the way for the third wave of the software industry: software industrialization. Software development will bee like an assembly and manufacturing process. A critical enabling factor is a disciplined software engineering process with predictable quality, (35) and functionality. (31) A. forecast B. preparation C. budget D. economy (32) A. process B. skill C. anization D. interface (33) A. law B. discipline C. plan D. evaluation (34) A. college B. family C. workshop D. cottage (35) A. plan B. schedule C. effort D. product 答案 (31)C (32)A (33)B (34)D (35)B [分析 ] 對(duì)很多組織來(lái)說(shuō)，在給定的時(shí)間和預(yù)算范圍內(nèi)開(kāi)發(fā)可靠的軟件，意味著艱難的努力。 業(yè)務(wù)解決方案通常有三個(gè)方面，分別是人員、過(guò)程和技術(shù)，軟件項(xiàng)目失敗的主要原因與技術(shù)和工具幾乎沒(méi)有關(guān)系，大部 分是因?yàn)槿狈^(guò)程定義。經(jīng)驗(yàn)表明，在一個(gè)不成熟或者沒(méi)有定義的環(huán)境引進(jìn)新技術(shù)和工具，只能是亂上加亂。 CASE工具并不意味著一切，正如：“ A fool with a tool is till a fool!”。 結(jié)構(gòu)化方法掀起了軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)的第一次浪潮，是從作坊式工業(yè) (Cottage Industry，家庭手工業(yè) )到大規(guī)模生產(chǎn)的轉(zhuǎn)變的開(kāi)端。軟件過(guò)程改進(jìn)是軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)的第二次浪潮，且過(guò)程成熟，為軟件產(chǎn)業(yè)的第三次浪潮 (軟件工業(yè)化 )鋪平了道路。軟件開(kāi)發(fā)將如裝配和制造過(guò)程一般，而要做到這一點(diǎn)，一個(gè)重要的因素就是需要一個(gè)具 有可預(yù)測(cè)的質(zhì)量、進(jìn)度和功能的已定義的軟件工程過(guò)程。 Activity Based Costing (ABC) is an (36) technique that allows an anization to determine the actual (37) associated with each product and service produced by the anization without regard to the anizational structure. This chapter explains some of the uses and benefits of Activity Based Costing. We use IDEFO (38) modeling in conjunction with ABC to enable more effective business (39) design decisions. In order to achieve the major goals of business process improvement, process simplification and improvement, FAA managers need to fully understand the cost, time, and quality of activities performed by employees or machines throughout an entire anization. ABC methods enable (40) to cost out measurements to business simplification and process improvement. (36) A. puting B. campaigning C. programming D. accounting (37) A. activity B. quality C. cost D. process (38) A. activity B. flowchart C. design D. management (39) A. data B. benefit C. process D. image (40) A. puters B. managers C. clients D. consumers 答案 (36)D (37)C (38)A (39C (40)B [分析 ] 基于活動(dòng)成本法 (Activity Based Costing, ABC)是一門會(huì)計(jì)技術(shù)，可以使組織決定由該組織提供的，與每個(gè)產(chǎn)品和服務(wù)有聯(lián)系的實(shí)際成本，而無(wú)需考慮組織結(jié)構(gòu)。本章說(shuō)明了 ABC法的一些使用方法和使用 ABC的好處。我們使用 IDEFO活動(dòng)建模，與 ABC一起，使業(yè)務(wù)過(guò)程設(shè)計(jì)決策更有效。 為了達(dá)到業(yè)務(wù)流程改進(jìn)、過(guò)程簡(jiǎn)化和改進(jìn)的主要目的， FAA 經(jīng)理們需要充分理解那些由員工或機(jī)器執(zhí)行的、貫穿整個(gè)組織的活動(dòng)的成本、時(shí)間和質(zhì)量。 ABC 法能使經(jīng)理們估算出度量業(yè)務(wù)簡(jiǎn)化和過(guò)程改進(jìn)的成本。 Rapid application development (RAD) systems purport to lighten the developer39。s (41) by making it easy to program an application with simple intuitive steps. RAD tools (42) the developer everything needed to construct a fully functional application quickly and easily. They make short work of modifying the developed product to (43) changes after the program is finished. Applications developed with RAD tools are constructed as they are envisioned. As an application39。s real usefulness (44) , the developer armed with RAD tools should be able to (45) on new features with little fuss. (41) A. burden B. trouble C. task D. weight (42) A. offer B. order C. refer D. release (43) A. acmodate B. account C. decrease D. eliminate (44) A. appearances B. emerges C. recognizes D. solves (45) A. beat B. change C. debug D. tack [分析 ] 答案 (41)A (42)A (43)A (44)A (45)D 快速應(yīng)用開(kāi)發(fā) (RAD)通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單而直觀的步 驟使應(yīng)用編程變得簡(jiǎn)單，從而減輕開(kāi)發(fā)人員的負(fù)擔(dān)。 RAD 工具為開(kāi)發(fā)人員提供了快速而簡(jiǎn)單地構(gòu)建一個(gè)完整功能應(yīng)用所需的一切，這些工具能縮短修改已經(jīng)完成的產(chǎn)品的工作量，這種修改是為了適應(yīng)程序完成后的變化。使用 RAD工具開(kāi)發(fā)的應(yīng)用就像計(jì)劃那樣構(gòu)建。當(dāng)應(yīng)用的真實(shí)有效性出現(xiàn)時(shí)，使用 RAD工具的開(kāi)發(fā)人員必須能夠有條不紊地添加新的特征。 常見(jiàn)的 RAD工具有 Powerbuilder， Visual Basic， Delphi， Oracle/Development 2020等。RAD 工具的主要特點(diǎn)是具有圖形開(kāi)發(fā)界面和 可視計(jì)算技術(shù)的支持，程序員只需通過(guò)簡(jiǎn)單的鼠標(biāo)點(diǎn)擊和鍵盤(pán)交互操作，即可以快速生成應(yīng)用程序代碼。 (45)小題的四個(gè)備選項(xiàng)中，只有 beat和 tack能與 on搭配，其中 beat on的含義是“火般照曬，波浪似撲向”， tack on的含義是“添加”。 You39。ve been engaged to manage a project. The estimated cost of the project is $1 000000. The project sponsor has approved this amount. Your earned value calculations indicate that the project will be pleted on time and under budget by $200 000. Based on this calulation, your personal profit will decrease by $2 000. 46． Given the estimated decrease in personal profit, what action you should take (46) . A. Invoice for the full $1,000,000 based on the contract. B. Add tasks to improve the oute and increase the actual project cost. C. Inform the enduser that you can add features to the project in order to use the entire budget. D. Communicate the projected financial oute to the project sponsor. 答案 (46)D [分析 ] 你管理一個(gè)項(xiàng)目，項(xiàng)目的估算成本是 100萬(wàn)，項(xiàng)目發(fā)起人批準(zhǔn)了這一額度。你的掙值計(jì)算表明項(xiàng)目將準(zhǔn)時(shí)完工并低于 20萬(wàn)美元。根據(jù)這一計(jì)算，你的個(gè)人利潤(rùn)將減少 2020美元。 考慮到個(gè)人利潤(rùn)的降低，你將把項(xiàng)目的財(cái)務(wù)結(jié)果傳給項(xiàng)目發(fā)起人。 47． A key activity in closing out a project is to (47) . A. Disseminate status reports and risk assessment. B. Disseminate information to formalize project pletion. C. Monitor the specific project results to determine if they ply with relevant quality standards. D. Transfer all the project records to the project owners. 答案 (47)B [分析 ] 項(xiàng)目收尾時(shí)的一個(gè)關(guān)鍵活動(dòng)是發(fā)布消息以正式確認(rèn)項(xiàng)目完工。范文最新推薦 10 廣播劇編劇學(xué)習(xí)小總結(jié) 劇