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食品敏感性(編輯修改稿)

2025-06-30 00:10 本頁(yè)面
 

【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 In dermally sensitized subjects ingestion of the contact allergen may cause skin flare reactions or other symptoms, ., in the gastroinlestinal tract 皮膚敏感癥受檢者攝入接觸性過(guò)敏原后會(huì)導(dǎo)致皮膚潮間帶反應(yīng)或胃腸道癥狀等其他癥狀。 ?Contact Allergens: fragrances 芳香物質(zhì) food flavors( natural or synthetic) 食品風(fēng)味物 Nickel 鎳 Other Adverse Reactions (四)其它不良反應(yīng) 1) Celiac disease腹部疾?。? Cause: wheat gliadin and related proteins 起因:小麥麥醇溶蛋白和相關(guān)蛋白質(zhì) The prevalence : % 發(fā)病率: % 2) lactase deficiency 乳糖酶缺乏綜合征 Cause: Lack of lactase 起因:缺乏乳糖酶 The prevalence : varies from a few percent in northern European countries to almost the entire adult population in Asia and Africa 發(fā)病率: 從北歐國(guó)家到亞洲和非洲國(guó)家,成年人發(fā)病率相差好幾個(gè)百分點(diǎn) Conclusion: It is not known whether the prevalence of food allergy or intolerance is increasing 不清楚食品過(guò)敏 /不耐性的發(fā)病率是否有上升趨勢(shì) The prevalence of pollenrelated food allergies has increased. 與花粉相關(guān)食品敏感癥的發(fā)病率在提高 。 FOOD ALLERGENS 第五節(jié) 食品過(guò)敏原 Definition 定義 ? Allergens are antigens that give rise to allergy . 過(guò)敏原是能引起敏感的抗原 Where is food allergens from? ? Pollen花粉 ? Mammals哺乳動(dòng)物 ? mites螨 ? other insects其他昆蟲(chóng) ? foods食品 ?Component:過(guò)敏原成分: Proteins or glycoproteins with a molecular weight from 3 to 90 kDa, the majority ranging from 10 to 40 kDa 已知結(jié)構(gòu)的過(guò)敏原都是蛋白質(zhì)或糖蛋白,分子量從 3kDa到 90kDa,大部分在 10kDa到40kDa之間 The identified allergens: ? the first three letters of the genus, space, the first letter of the species, space, and an Arabic number. ? XXX X X 屬 種 阿拉伯?dāng)?shù)字 ? For example: Lol p 1 refers to the first pollen allergen identified from Lolium perennc, or rye grass Lol p 1表示第一個(gè)花粉過(guò)敏原,來(lái)自 Lolium perenne 或黑麥草 Classification 分類 major: proteins for which 50% or more of the allergic patients studied have specific IgE “主要的 ” :能使 50%或以上被研究病人具有特異性 IgE的蛋白質(zhì) minor“: the remaining allergens are considered minor “次要的 ” :能使 50%以下的被研究病人具有特異性 IgE的蛋白質(zhì) The Nature of Food Allergens 一、過(guò)敏原的種類 ? To make a plete list of allergenic foods on a global basis is virtually impossible. 我們不可能列出一張食品過(guò)敏原清單 ? Whether a food allergen causes significant problems in a population is dependent on several factors: 某種食品過(guò)敏原是否會(huì)在消費(fèi)者中引起明顯的問(wèn)題取決于以下幾個(gè)方面: ( a) the potency of the allergen 過(guò)敏原的效能 ? some are much more frequent sensitizers lhan others 有些抗體比其他抗體造成敏感癥的次數(shù)更多 , ., β lactoglobulin in milk or ovomucoid from egg white 如:牛奶中的 β乳球蛋白或雞蛋蛋白中的卵類粘蛋白 ( b) the physiochemical properties 物化性質(zhì): 1) The chemical structure, ., the amino acid sequence, and the tertiary structure 化學(xué)結(jié)構(gòu)如氨基酸序列 , 蛋白質(zhì)三級(jí)結(jié)構(gòu) 2) heat stability 熱穩(wěn)定性 3) digestibility 可消化性 4) Structural relationship with epitopes from nonfood allergens 非食品過(guò)敏原與抗原決定族之間的結(jié)構(gòu)關(guān)系 ( c) the frequency of exposure 暴露的頻率: ? In Europe allergy to rice and buckwheat is unmon. 在歐洲 , 稻米和蕎麥一般不引起敏感癥 ? In Japan rice and buckwheat are mon food allergens 在日本 , 稻米和蕎麥通常是食品過(guò)敏原 。 (d) the route of exposure 暴露途徑 1 ) aeroallergens : grasses, pollen of trees and herbs , house dust mites , o cat dander 飛散過(guò)敏原: 草 、 樹(shù)或藥草的花粉 、 屋塵螨 、 貓毛發(fā)皮屑 2) work environment: baker 工作環(huán)境:面包工人 3) via the skin: Natural rubber (latex) 通過(guò)皮膚:天然橡膠 ( e) crossreactions to aeroallergens 飛散過(guò)敏原的交叉反應(yīng) 1) local species of grass, trees, and herbs and pollution 當(dāng)?shù)厣L(zhǎng)的草 、 樹(shù)以及藥草種類 ., Allergy to hazelnuts is mon in areas with many birch trees, where birch pollen hay lever is frequent 榛實(shí)敏感癥一般發(fā)生在有許多樺樹(shù)的地區(qū) , 在這些地區(qū)經(jīng)常發(fā)生樺樹(shù)花粉熱 2) air pollution空氣污染 (f) the age at which the allergen is introduced 受過(guò)敏原入侵的個(gè)體年齡 ? In early infancy an increased uptake of antigen takes place at a time when the gutassociated lymphoid tissue is still inpletely developed 在幼年早期 , 在與消化道相關(guān)淋巴組織還沒(méi)有發(fā)育好的時(shí)候 , 抗原的攝入量相對(duì)較高 。 Allergens of Animal Origin 二、來(lái)源于動(dòng)物的過(guò)敏原 Milk (一)牛奶 1) Albumin, β lactoglobulin, and immunoglobulins of milk are the most important allergens in infants 嬰兒:清蛋白、 β乳球蛋白和免疫球蛋白 2) In older children β lactoglobulin, caseins, and Ilactalbumin may be more reactive. 大孩子: β乳球蛋白、酪蛋白和 ?乳白蛋白 3) in adulthood: casein to be the most frequent allergen 成人期:酪蛋白 crossreactions交叉反應(yīng) ? The majority of patients with allergy to cow39。s milk proteins will also react to proteins from sheep39。s and goat39。s milk 大部分對(duì)牛奶蛋白質(zhì)有敏感癥的病人同樣對(duì)綿羊奶和山羊奶有敏感癥 Crossreactions between milk from these species is not always present. 各種奶之間的交叉反應(yīng)并不一直存在 Eggs (二)雞蛋 ? the second most frequent food allergen in small children after cow39。s milk 在小孩子中大概是僅次于牛奶的食品過(guò)敏原 ? Egg white proteins are reported to elicit allergic reactions more frequently than egg yolk. 雞蛋蛋白比蛋黃更易引起過(guò)敏反應(yīng) 蛋黃中的主要過(guò)敏原 Protein 蛋白質(zhì) Name 分類名 molecular weight 分子量 (kDa) Content in egg white 雞蛋白中的含量 (%) Ovomucoid (*key) 卵類粘蛋白 Gal d 1 28000 11 Ovalbumin 卵清蛋白 Gal d 2 45000 54 Ovotransferrin or conalbumin 卵鐵傳遞蛋白或伴清蛋白 Gal d 3 78000 12 Lysozyme 溶菌酶 Gal d 4 14000 ? crossreactions交叉反應(yīng) : ? allergy to egg can be correlated to all
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