【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 one of us. Because plastic wasn39。t invented until the late 19th century, and its production only really took off around 1950, we have a mere billion tons of the stuff to deal with. Of that, more than billion tons have bee waste. And of that waste, a surprising billion tons never made it to a recycling binthe figure that shocked the scientists who published the numbers in 2017. No one knows how much unrecycled plastic waste ends up in the ocean, the earth39。s last sink. In 2015, Jenna Jam beck a University of Georgia engineering professor, caught everyone39。s attention with a rough estimate between million and 14 million tons of plastic waste each year just e from coastal regions. Meanwhile, ocean plastic is estimated to kill millions of marine(海洋的）animals every year. Nearly 700 species, including endangered ones, are known to have been affected by it. Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic. Many more are probably harmed invisibly. Marine species of all sizes, from zooplankton to whales, now eat microplastics, the bits smaller than onefifth of an inch across. This isn39。t a problem where we don39。t know what the solution is, says Ted Siegler, a Vermont resource economist who has spent more than 25 years working with developing nations on garbage. We know how to pick up garbage. Anyone can do it. We know how to deal with it. We know how to recycle. It39。s a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic. （1）Why does the author mention the Pilgrims in paragraph 1? A.To prove plastic was difficult to invent.B.To introduce what marine animals like eating.C.To tell the Pilgrims contributed a lot to the marine protection.D.To show plastic waste has a lasting effect on the ocean.（2）What39。s the main trouble marine animals face according to the text? A.Lacking protection.B.Being stuck by plastics.C.Being caught by humans.D.Treating plastics as food.（3）What does Ted Siegler want to tell us in the last paragraph? A.Some people don39。t know the solution of plastics waste.B.Plastics will turn the ocean into a soup of plastic.C.It39。s time to take measures to deal with plastic waste.D.People should avoid using plastics to protect the ocean.（4）From which is the text probably taken? A.A biology textbook.B.A travel brochure.C.An environmental report.D.A lifestyle magazine.【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）C（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，介紹了塑料垃圾給海洋以及海洋生物帶來的危害。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“their plastic waste would likely still be around four centuries later.”他們的塑料廢物很可能在四百年后仍會存在，可知 作者提到the Pilgrims是為了說明塑料廢物對海洋有持久的影響，故選D。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第四段中的“Some are harmed visibly, stuck by abandoned things made of plastic. Many more are probably harmed invisibly.”一些明顯受到傷害，被塑料制成的廢棄物品卡住了?？赡苡懈嗟娜耸艿綗o形的傷害?？芍xB。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“It39。s a matter of building the necessary institutions and systems, he says, ideally before the ocean turns into a thin soup of plastic.”他說最好在海洋變成塑料湯之前建立一個必要的機構(gòu)和制度的問題，可推知選C。 （4）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知，本題介紹了塑料垃圾給海洋以及海洋生物帶來的危害。是一篇環(huán)境保護類閱讀，因此選C。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇環(huán)保類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．犇犇閱讀理解 In our twenties, we find it funny when we can39。t remember our neighbor39。s cat39。s name or a handsome actor who starred in a famous movie. In our thirties, we jokingly call it brain freeze. In our forties, we laugh it off as a senior moment and follow up with one of these old age jokes. But the reality is that there es a point when being forgetful stops being funny and starts to seem a bit dreadful. You think, Am I losing it？Or worse, Is this a sign of Alzheimer39。s disease（老年癡呆癥）？ Well, don39。t worry. The fact that you recognize your own forgetfulness may be a very good sign, at least in terms of the possibility of your developing Alzheimer39。s disease（AD）. The researchers in a new study show that it39。s not forgetfulness but not being aware that we39。re forgetful that we should fear. The researchers began with the assumption that one mon feature of Alzheimer39。s disease is a damaged awareness of illness. And they wanted to prove their theory that the lack of awareness can be used to predict whether someone with mild cognitive（認(rèn)知的）damage will progress to fullon AD. For the study, mild cognitive damage was defined as someone whose mental state was considered healthy but who had either plained of memory loss or had suffered objective memory loss. The researchers used existing data for 1, 062 people between the ages of 55 and 90 that had been recorded over a 12year period. The data included brain scans, which the researchers used to look for visual signs of reduced glucose uptake（葡萄糖吸收）.It is an objective marker of the sort of reduced brain function that goes along with expected, glucose uptake was reduced in those with AD. What the researchers also discovered was that glucose uptake was reduced in those with mild cognitive damage who also showed evidence of reduced illness awareness. Finally, the researchers found that those who had reduced illness awareness were more likely to develop AD than those without.（1）What can be implied from paragraph 1？ A.People can be forgetful at different ages.B.The memory of the young is better than the old.C.Old people are most afraid of getting Alzheimer39。s disease.D.It39。s a rare phenomenon when young people forget something.（2）What statement does the researchers in the new study agree with? A.Being aware all the time is a fearful thing.B.Illness awareness has nothing to do with Alzheimer39。s disease.C.Recognizing forgetfulness doesn39。t mean developing Alzheimer39。s disease.D.Realizing forgetfulness must be a sign of developing Alzheimer39。s disease.（3）What can be a sign of developing Alzheimer39