【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 that blacks are genetically 15 in status than whites are. Behaviorists, 16 , say that the differences in scores are due to the fact that blacks are often robbed of many of the educational and other environmental 17 that whites enjoy, and that, as a result, they do not develop the same 18 that whites do. Neither of these theories can yet fully explain human behavior. As a matter of fact, it is quite 19 that the key to our behavior lies somewhere between these two extremes and that the debate will 20 for a long time is certain.1. A. sensitiveB. productiveC. petitiveD. impressive2. A. frequentlyB. extremelyC. generallyD. occasionally3. A. approachesB. possessionsC. characteristicsD. friends4. A. differentB. reliableC. excellentD. equal5. A. WhatB. AsC. WhichD. That6. A. objectorsB. operatorsC. opponentsD. supporters7. A. claimB. supportC. resolveD. object8. A. pletelyB. largelyC. thoroughlyD. merely9. A. sensitiveB. openC. centralD. subject10. A. abilitiesB. teachersC. personalitiesD. instincts11. A. expertsB. behavioristsC. environmentalistsD. scientists12. A. shapedB. discussedC. constructedD. learned13. A. environmentalB. biologicalC. psychologicalD. physical14. A. temporaryB. slightC. fatalD. farreaching15. A. lowerB. higherC. strongerD. smarter16. A. on the contraryB. as a wholeC. after allD. for instance17. A. protectionsB. pollutionsC. technologiesD. advantages18. A. conclusionsB. abilitiesC. responsesD. opportunities19. A. necessaryB. impossibleC. unreasonableD. likely20. A. ariseB. disappearC. continueD. respond【答案】 （1）C；（2）B；（3）C；（4）A；（5）B；（6）D；（7）B；（8）B；（9）C；（10）D；（11）B；（12）A；（13）A；（14）D；（15）A；（16）A；（17）D；（18）C；（19）D；（20）C； 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，論述了關(guān)于人的個性和智力的形成的兩個針鋒相對的理論：遺傳論和環(huán)境論。 （1）考查形容詞。句意：很難解釋為什么有些人聰明，而有些人不聰明，為什么有的人充滿合作精神，而有些人卻老是想著競爭。A. sensitive“敏感的”；B. productive“多產(chǎn)的”；C. petitive“競爭的”；D. impressive“印象深刻的”。故選C。 （2）考查副詞。句意：當然，社會學科學家對這些問題及其感興趣。A. frequently“頻繁地”；B. extremely“及其，非?！?；C. generally“一般地”；D. occasionally“偶爾”。故選B。 （3）考查名詞。句意：他們想解釋問什么人們表現(xiàn)出某些特點，做出某些行為。A. approaches“方法，手段”；B. possessions“財產(chǎn)”；C. characteristics“特點，特征”；D. friends“朋友”。故選C。 （4）考查形容詞。句意：但是就這個問題演變出兩種不同的學派。A. different“不同的”；B. reliable“可靠的”；C. excellent“杰出的”；D. equal“平等的”。故選A。 （5）考查名詞。句意：正如有的人期望的那樣，這兩種學派彼此是不同的。此處為as引導(dǎo)的非限制性定語從句，意為“正如，就像”。故選B。 （6）考查名詞。句意：兩個理論彼此的支持者之間存在很多爭議。A. objectors“反對者”；B. operators“ 操作人員”；C. opponents“對手”；D. supporters“支持者”。故選D。 （7）考查動詞。句意：那些致辭爭論中“本性”一方的人認為我們的性格和形式模式主要由生物因素決定。A. claim“宣稱，聲稱”；B. support“支持”；C. resolve“決心”；D. object“反對”。故選B。 （8）考查副詞。句意：那些致辭爭論中“本性”一方的人認為我們的性格和形式模式主要由生物因素決定。A. pletely“完全地”；B. largely“主要地，大部分地”；C. thoroughly“徹底地”；D. merely“僅僅”。故選B。 （9）考查形容詞。句意：性格和行為是這一理論的核心。A. sensitive“敏感的”；B. open“開放的”；C. central“ 中心的”；D. subject“主題，話題”。故選C。 （10）考查名詞。句意：我們基本上完全由我們的直覺支配。A. abilities“能力”；B. teachers“教師”；C. personalities“性格”；D. instincts“直覺”。故選D。 （11）考查名詞。句意：“環(huán)境論”的支持者，或者被稱為“行為主義者”認為環(huán)境更為重要。A. experts“專家”；B. behaviorists“行為主義者”；C. environmentalist“環(huán)保主義者”；D. scientists“科學家”。下文“A behaviorist, B. F. Skinner ….”有提示。故選B。 （12）考查動詞。句意：人類的行為幾乎完全由環(huán)境所塑造。A. shaped“塑造”；B. discussed“ 討論”；C. constructed“ 建造”；D. learned“學習”。故選A。 （13）考查形容詞。句意：他們認為人類，和機器一樣，對環(huán)境的刺激做出反應(yīng)，這是他們行為的基礎(chǔ)。A. environmental“環(huán)境的”；B. biological“生物的”；C. psychological“心里的”；D. physical“物理的，身體的”。故選A。 （14）考查形容詞。句意：無論是社會還是政治，這兩個理論的結(jié)果的影響都是深遠的。A. temporary“臨時的”；B. slight“輕微的”；C. fatal“致命的”；D. farreaching“深遠的”。故選D。 （15）考查形容詞。句意：這導(dǎo)致自然論者得出結(jié)論：黑人從基因上就低于白色人種。A. lower“較低的”；B. higher“較高的”；C. stronger“更強壯的”；D. smarter“更聰明的”。故選A。 （16）考查介詞短語。句意：恰恰相反，環(huán)境論者認為這種差距是由于黑人被剝奪了教育和其他環(huán)境的優(yōu)勢。A. on the contrary“恰恰相反”；B. as a whole“作為整體”；C. after all“畢竟”；D. for instance“例如”。故選A。 （17）考查名詞。句意：恰恰相反，環(huán)境論者認為這種差距是由于黑人被剝奪了教育和其他環(huán)境的優(yōu)勢。A. protections“保護”；B. pollutions“污染”；C. technologies“技術(shù)”；D. advantages“優(yōu)勢”。故選D。 （18）考查名詞。句意：結(jié)果，他們無法做出和白人一樣的反應(yīng)。此處應(yīng)該是指在前文提到的intelligence tests “智力測試”中和人做出的反應(yīng)。A. conclusions“結(jié)論”；B. abilities“能力”；C. responses“反應(yīng)”；D. opportunities“機會”。故選C。 （19）考查形容詞。句意：事實上，極有可能的是我們行為的關(guān)鍵存在于這兩種極端理論的中間的某個地方。A. necessary“必要的”；B. impossible“不可能的”；C. unreasonable“不合理的”；D. likely“可能的”。故選D。 （20）考查動詞。句意：這一爭論將繼續(xù)進行下去，這是肯定的。A. arise“出現(xiàn)”；B. disappear“消失”；C. continue“繼續(xù)”；D. respond“反應(yīng)”。故選C。 【點評】本題考點涉及動詞，名詞，形容詞，副詞，固定短語等多個知識點的考查，是一篇教育類閱讀，要求考生在理解細節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析推理，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀下面短文，從短文后所給各題的四個選項(A、B、C和D)中，選出可以填入空白處的最佳選項。 Sitting at a table in my school cafeteria, I looked around, slowly taking in everything. Student after student 1 my table carrying that day39。s lunch special, but if you looked deeper, more things deserved your 2 . There was more than just the uniform they were wearing, or the way they had 3 their hair that day. It suddenly 4 me as I watched classmate after classmate walk by, that I did not know much about 5 at my high school. I waved politely after 6 the sight of a girl in my grade sitting at a nearby table. She smiled 7 and then continued to pick at the spaghetti in front of her. If I hadn39。t 8 recently that her mother had died, I would never have thought anything was wrong. But isn39。t that how it 9 works? Without knowing the whole story, we 10 others too quickly. I realized that everyone may have some difficulties they are facing in their lives, 11 why do we so often make it harder for each other? Why not support one another and 12 burden (負擔)? I have a lung disease. No one at my school knows I don39。t show any 13 symptoms except for a few coughs. I am 14 in my studies like any other kid, but with the 15 that I have a dark and frightening future. Before that day when I decided to look at