【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ll of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere.”可知，負(fù)鼠假裝死亡，讓捕食者在其他地方找到更新鮮的食物，以避免成為捕食者的目標(biāo)。故選B。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)Millipedes (千足蟲(chóng))部分中的“Their major defense is to curl up into a ball. They, though, also release a harm eyes, and leave a horrible smell on their attackers.”可知，千足蟲(chóng)主要防守是蜷成一團(tuán)。然而，它們也會(huì)釋放出有害 的眼睛，并在攻擊者身上留下可怕的氣味。從而可以推斷出，千足蟲(chóng)是擁有多種防御機(jī)制的物種。故選C。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科普類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。4．犇犇閱讀理解 You know those nutrition guidelines the government issues every few years? It turns out that following them isn39。t just good for your health. It39。s good for the planet, too. What we found is that impacts vary across nations, but in the high173。impact nations, in general, you can see that, if you follow a nationally remended diet, despite the fact that these diets don39。t mention explicitly—or most of them don39。t explicitly mention—environmental impacts, that you are going to have lower environmental impacts due to that. So that39。s sort of fairly clear across all the high173。ine nations. said Paul Behrens, an environmental scientist at Leiden University in the Netherlands. The food we eat takes a big toll on the environment. A third of the ice173。free land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all human173。caused greenhouse gas emissions. Fertilizer runoff also leads to other problems, like the algae blooms in Lake Eerie and the Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico. However, following dietary guidelines would reduce those impacts, especially in wealthy countries like the US. Most of the reductions e from meat and dairy, which have an outsized impact on land use and pollution, and are a major source of greenhouse gases.(That39。s partly due to cow farts. Seriously.) Following the suggestions would also mean eating fewer calories, since many people here eat more than they need. Overall, in high173。ine countries, Behren39。s team estimates that following the rules could result in as much as a 17 percent reduction in land use, a 21 percent reduction in nutrient pollution, and a 25 percent drop in agricultural greenhouse gas emissions. Cutting down on how much food we waste—which is roughly a third in the US—could help even more. The results are in the Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences. Of course, people are notoriously bad at following diets. But: These nationally remended guidelines do actually have a knock173。on effect on other areas of policy making. So if I39。m developing a new healthy173。eating173。for173。schools program then that39。s going to be based off a lot of detail that I get from the nationally remended guidelines. So while it might not necessarily be the case that people follow directly …they actually are quite influential on the preparation of other advice. It seems that a smaller environmental footprint and a healthier lifestyle could go hand in hand.（1）Which of the following statement will Paul Behrens approve of? A.Following a nationally remended diet can have similar impacts in different countries.B.Following a nationally remended diet can do good to our health.C.Not all the countries have remended diets in an explicit manner.D.Some high173。ine nations don39。t mention the diet explicitly for its impacts can be ignored.（2）What do the underlined words takes a big toll on in paragraph 3 probably mean? A.shows signs ofB.has a bad effect onC.takes full advantage ofD.makes up for（3）Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage? A.Food production can lead to about 20 percent of human173。caused greenhouse gas with only a third of the ice173。free land used.B.It is estimated that following dietary guidelines can lead to decrease in more land use than in nutrient pollution.C.Paul Behrens39。 new program concerning healthy eating for schools is likely to be based on national nutrition guidelines.D.Some wealthy countries tend to reduce meat and dairy though the other areas of policy making isn39。t effected much.【答案】 （1）C（2）B（3）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了營(yíng)養(yǎng)指南對(duì)地球也有利。通過(guò)膳食指南，似乎可以減輕對(duì)環(huán)境的傷害，人類(lèi)自己也可以過(guò)上健康的生活，二者可以兼得。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的 What we found is that impacts vary across nations, but in the high173。impact nations, in general, you can see that, if you follow a nationally remended diet, despite the fact that these diets don39。t mention explicitly—or most of them don39。t explicitly mention—environmental impacts, that you are going to have lower environmental impacts due to that.” 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)（營(yíng)養(yǎng)膳食指南的）影響因國(guó)家而異，但總的來(lái)說(shuō)，在影響力較大的國(guó)家，如果你遵循國(guó)家推薦的膳食指南，即使這些膳食并未明晰對(duì)環(huán)境的影響，或者大多數(shù)膳食沒(méi)有明確說(shuō)明這一點(diǎn)，但是你對(duì)環(huán)境的影響會(huì)因?yàn)樽裱改隙鴾p輕。由此推斷出 并非所有國(guó)家都以明確的方式推薦飲食 ，這個(gè)觀點(diǎn)Paul Behrens會(huì)贊成，故選C。 （2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的“A third of the ice173。free land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all human173。caused greenhouse gas emissions. Fertilizer runoff also leads to other problems, like the algae blooms in Lake Eerie and the Dead Zone in the Gulf of Mexico.”地球上三分之一的無(wú)冰區(qū)被用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，根據(jù)一些估算，食物生產(chǎn)大約占到了人類(lèi)造成的溫室氣體排放量的五分之一。肥料徑流也導(dǎo)致了其他問(wèn)題，例如伊利湖的藻類(lèi)爆發(fā)以及墨西哥灣的死亡區(qū)域。由此推斷出劃線詞所在的句子意思是我們所吃的食物給環(huán)境帶來(lái)了巨大代價(jià)。takes a big toll on固定短語(yǔ)，“付出了巨大的代價(jià)”，故選B。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“A third of the ice173。free land on Earth is used for agriculture, and according to some estimates, producing food accounts for roughly a fifth of all human173。caused greenhouse gas emissions.”地球上三分之一的無(wú)冰區(qū)被用于農(nóng)業(yè)生產(chǎn)，根據(jù)一些估算，食物生產(chǎn)大約占到了人類(lèi)造成的溫室氣體排放量的五分之一。由此可知。A選項(xiàng)的描述 糧食生產(chǎn)可導(dǎo)致約20%的人為造成的溫室氣體，而只使用了三分之一的無(wú)冰土地 正確，故選A。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇科研類(lèi)閱讀，要求考生準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 Rich countries are racing to dematerialise payments. They need to do more to prepare for the sideeffects. For the past 3,000 years, when people thought of money they thought of cash. Over the past decade, however, digital payments have taken off— tapping your plastic on a terminal or swiping a smartphone has bee normal. Now this revolution is about to turn cash into an endangered species in some rich economies. That will make the economy more efficient—but it also causes new problems that could hold back the transition(轉(zhuǎn)型). Countries are removing cash at varying speeds. In