【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 t would matter to them, Bryan says. He worked with 8th graders at a Texas school. Half of them got a lesson Bryan created. It focused on the ways junk food is advertised, or marketed. A second group received lessons that focused on health. These lessons informed students junk food is had, and that foods like apples or carrots are a better choice. The students learned a bad diet can lead to major weight gain, and that being overweight puts people at risk for serious diseases. They also learned how eating well now can keep you healthy when you39。re older. After the lessons, the kids in both groups were asked how they felt about junk food. Most didn39。t have positive feelings about these unhealthy foods.（1）Why does the author mention the questions in paragraph 1? A.To express his doubts about junk food.B.To promote the idea of healthy eating.C.To describe the situation of junk food.D.To introduce the topic for discussion.（2）What remains a great health challenge to doctors? A.Making people do more exercise.B.Making people eat healthily.C.Making people lose weight.D.Making people prefer junk food.（3）What message does paragraph 3 mainly try to convey? A.What makes junk food almost impossible to resist.B.What influences junk food can have on consumers.C.How food panies try to get people to reach for junk food.D.Why food panies promote the consumption of junk food.（4）Which of the following words can best describe Bryan39。s lessons? A.Shocking.B.Popular.C.Effective.D.Abstract.【答案】 （1）D（2）B（3）C（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明：讓青少年了解食品公司的推銷方式比單純告訴他們垃圾食品的危害更能讓他們選擇健康的飲食。 （1）考查推理判斷?？v觀全文可知本文介紹了一項研究：讓青少年了解食品公司的推銷方式比單純告訴他們垃圾食品的危害更能讓他們選擇健康的飲食?？梢酝茢喑觯恼碌谝欢沃刑峒澳莾蓚€問題Do you know that junk food isn39。t healthy? 你知道垃圾食品不健康嗎？Do you eat it anyway? 你仍然還吃垃圾食品？ 是為了引出本文要討論的話題。故選D。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“It39。s designed to be tasty, which makes eating well one of the great health challenges of our time. Everyone from doctors to the government has been trying to handle it.”可知，垃圾食品很美味，這使吃得好成為一個巨大的健康挑戰(zhàn)，從醫(yī)生到政府每一個人都一直在努力應(yīng)對這一挑戰(zhàn)。由此可知，對醫(yī)生而言，讓人們吃得健康依然是一個巨大的健康挑戰(zhàn)。故選B。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中先提到“食品公司想要消費者想吃垃圾食品”，緊接著說到“它們（食品公司)花巨資想辦法推廣垃圾食品，它們聘請科學(xué)家制作新的垃圾食品，使人們幾乎無法抗拒”，接著還舉例說“它們可能會往垃圾食品中添加更多的糖”。由此可以推斷，作者在本段主要是想告訴讀者食品公司是如何想方設(shè)法讓人們?nèi)コ岳称返摹９蔬xC。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段主要介紹Bryan給德克薩斯州的一所學(xué)校的八年級學(xué)生們上的課，再根據(jù)文章最后一段After the lessons, the kids in both groups were asked how they felt about junk food. Most didn39。t have positive feelings about these unhealthy ，課后當(dāng)這些孩子被問及他們對垃圾食品的看法時，大多數(shù)人對這些不健康的食品都不持正面的看法。由此可以推斷，Bryan的課是有效的。故選C。 【點評】本題考點涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇健康類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀理解 We talk continuously about how to make children more resilient (有恢復(fù)力的)，but whatever we39。re doing, it39。s not working. Rates of anxiety disorders and depression are rising rapidly among teenagers. What are we doing wrong? Nassim Taleb invented the word antifragile and used it to describe a small but very important class of systems that gain from shocks, challenges, and disorder. The immune (免疫的) system is one of them: it requires exposure to certain kinds of bacteria and potential allergens (過敏原) in childhood in order to develop to its full ability. Children39。s social and emotional abilities are as antifragile as their immune systems. If we overprotect kids and keep them safe from unpleasant social situations and negative emotions, we deprive (剝奪) them of the challenges and opportunities for selfbuilding they need to grow strong. Such children are likely to suffer more when exposed later to other unpleasant but ordinary life events, such as teasing and social rejection. It39。s not the kids39。 fault. In the UK, as in the US, parents became much more fearful in the1980s and 1990s as cable TV and later the Internet exposed everyone, more and more, to those rare occurrences of crimes and accidents that now occur less and less. Outdoor play and independent mobility went down。 screen time and adultmonitored activities went up. Yet free play in which kids work out their own rules of engagement, take small risks, and learn to master small dangers turns out to be vital for the development of adult social and even physical petence. Depriving them of free play prevents their socialemotional growth. Norwegian play researchers Ellen Sandseter and Leif Kennair warned: We may observe an increased anxiety or mental disorders in society if children are forbidden from participating in age adequate risky play. They wrote those words in 2011. Over the following few years, their prediction came true. Kids born after 1994 are suffering from much higher rates of anxiety disorders and depression than did the previous generation. Besides, there is also a rise in the rate at which teenage girls are admitted to hospital for deliberately harming themselves. What can we do to change these trends? How can we raise kids strong enough to handle the ordinary and extraordinary challenges of life? We can39。t guarantee that giving primary school children more independence today will bring down the rate of teenage suicide tomorrow. The links between childhood overprotection and teenage mental illness are suggestive but not clearcut. Yet there are good reasons to suspect that by depriving our naturally antifragile kids of the wide range of experiences they need to bee strong, we are systematically preventing their growth. We should let go173。and let them grow.（1）Why does the author mention the immune system in Paragraph 2? A.To stress its importance.B.To analyze the cause of anxiety.C.To question the latest discovery.D.To help understand a new word.（2）Parents overprotect children because . A.they are concerned about their children39。s safetyB.they want to keep children from being teasedC.parentmonitored activities are a mustD.c