【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 am.D.They don39。t need rules.（2）To bee a leader in a game the child has to _________. A.be a useful partnerB.wait for his turnC.be confident in himselfD.be popular among his playmates（3）Why does a child like playing games? A.Because he can be someone other than himself.B.Because he can bee popular among friends.C.Because he finds he is always lucky in games.D.Because he likes the place where he plays a game.（4）Which is the best title for this passage? A.Rules in Children39。s GamesB.Advantages of Playing Games for ChildrenC.Reasons for Children39。s GamesD.How to Be a Popular Game Player【答案】 （1）A（2）B（3）A（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了孩子們?cè)谕嬗螒驎r(shí)有自己的游戲規(guī)則，他們很少需要裁判，很少去記分．他們喜歡玩取決于運(yùn)氣的游戲，這樣他們的個(gè)人能力就不能直接進(jìn)行比較了．但是，成年人很難發(fā)現(xiàn)孩子們的游戲令人興奮，他們常常對(duì)孩子們反復(fù)玩這么簡(jiǎn)單的游戲感到困惑。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Children have their own rules in playing games．Theyseldom need a referee（裁判） and rarely trouble to keep scores．”可知，介紹了孩子們玩游戲的一些特點(diǎn)，比如孩子的游戲有自己的規(guī)則，也不需要裁判，而且可以隨時(shí)結(jié)束，故選A。 （2）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“He bees a leader when it es to his turn”可知，當(dāng)輪到他時(shí)，他就成了領(lǐng)袖．所以要成為一個(gè)游戲的領(lǐng)導(dǎo)者，孩子必須等待輪到他才行，故選B。 （3）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“He can be a good player without having to think whether he is a popular person，and he can find himself being a useful partner to someone of whom he is ordinarily afraid．”可知孩子們喜歡玩游戲的重要原因之一是他們可以在游戲中假裝成別人，選A。 （4）考查主旨大意。通讀全文可知，游戲在孩子們的生活中是必不可少的．他們無(wú)需裁判，也很少計(jì)分，他們甚至不在乎輸贏．盡管在成年人眼里這些游戲非常簡(jiǎn)單，枯燥．但是孩子們對(duì)此卻是樂(lè)此不疲．作者認(rèn)為通過(guò)游戲，孩子們學(xué)會(huì)了遵守規(guī)則，可知選B。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生在捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息的基礎(chǔ)上，進(jìn)一步根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相對(duì)主義), are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions. Such a view, however, fails to explain the ability of some works of art to excite the human mind across cultures and through centuries. History has witnessed the endless productions of Shakespearean plays in every major language of the world. It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries, Unique works of this kind are different from today39。s popular art, even if they began as works of popular art. They have set themselves apart in their timeless appeal and will probably be enjoyed for centuries into the future. In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because the general principles of taste are uniform(不變的) in human nature, the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent. He observed that Homer was still admired after two thousand years. Works of this type, he believed, spoke to deep and unvarying features of human nature and could continue to exist over centuries. Now researchers are applying scientific methods to the study of the universality of art. For example, evolutionary psychology is being used by literary scholars to explain the longlasting themes and plot devices in fiction. The structures of musical pieces are now open to experimental analysis as never before. Research findings seem to indicate that the creation by a great artist is as permanent an achievement as the discovery by a great scientist.（1）According to the passage, what do we know about cultural relativism? A.It introduces different cultural values.B.It explains the history of artistic works.C.It relates artistic values to local conditions.D.It excites the human mind throughout the world.（2）In Paragraph 2, the artists are mentioned in order to show that _____ . A.great works of art can go beyond national boundariesB.history gives art works special appeal to set them apartC.popular arts are hardly distinguishable from great artsD.great artists are skilled at bining various cultures（3）According to Hume, some works of art can exist for centuries because_____ . A.they are results of scientific studyB.they establish some general principles of artC.they are created by the world39。s greatest artistsD.they appeal to unchanging features of human nature（4）Which of the following can best serve as the title of the passage? A.Are Artistic Values Universal?B.Are Popular Arts Permanent?C.Is Human Nature Uniform?D.Is Cultural Relativism Scientific?【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）D（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說(shuō)明文，介紹了根據(jù)文化相對(duì)主義，藝術(shù)作品在永恒受歡迎的原因是人類的審美具有共同性，并且就此展開(kāi)說(shuō)明。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“The values of artistic works, according to cultural relativism(相對(duì)主義), are simply reflections of local social and economic conditions.”可知根據(jù)相對(duì)主義，藝術(shù)作品就是把藝術(shù)的價(jià)值與當(dāng)?shù)氐纳鐣?huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)條件結(jié)合在一塊，故選C。 （2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“It is never rare to find that Mozart packs Japanese concert halls, as Japanese painter Hiroshige does Paris galleries, Unique works of this kind are different from today39。s popular art, even if they began as works of popular art.”可知不會(huì)把莫扎特與日本的音樂(lè)進(jìn)行比較，正如日本的畫(huà)作與巴黎的畫(huà)廊進(jìn)行比較，藝術(shù)作品是沒(méi)有國(guó)界的，故選A。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第三段中的“In a 1757 essay, the philosopher David Hume argued that because‘ the general principles of taste are uniform(不變的) in human nature, the value of some works of art might be essentially permanent.’ ”可知Davide曾辯論到風(fēng)格的原則上是沒(méi)有變化的，所以一些藝術(shù)是可能會(huì)永生的，故選D。 （4）考查主旨大意。本文主要從相對(duì)論的角度來(lái)說(shuō)，藝術(shù)的價(jià)值只能反應(yīng)當(dāng)時(shí)的社會(huì)經(jīng)濟(jì)，但作者提出不同的觀點(diǎn)，故選A。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，要求考生根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。6．閱讀下面短文，從每題所給的A、B、C和D四個(gè)選項(xiàng)中，選出最佳選項(xiàng)。 It is monly believed that in medieval France, New Year was celebrated on 1 April. Then in 1562, Pope Gregory introduced a new calendar for the Christian world, changing New Year to 1 Janua