【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 ing enough sun, your emotions should remain relatively stable, the researchers found. But as the amount of sunlight in the day is reduced, levels of emotional pain can soar. Other weather variables including temperature, pollution and rain were not found to have an impact on mental health. We were surprised that many of the weather and pollution variables we included in the study were not significantly correlated with clients39。 scores on the distress measure once we had accounted for suntime, Dr. Mark Beecher, a professor of psychology at the university and the study39。s lead author, told The Huffington Post. People tend to associate rainy days, pollution, and other meteorological phenomena with sadness or depression, but we did not find that.（1）What does the author suggest we do in Paragraph 1? the benefits of sunshine. hibernating in springtime. up in a blanket in cold weather. sunshine even in cold weather.（2）The underlined word soar in Paragraph 5 most probably means ? sharply. unstably. slightly. greatly.（3）What does the passage say about the research done by BYU? is done on normal adults of various ages. is carried out by Dr Mark Beecher alone. concludes the sunshine means happiness. finds that temperature affects mental health.（4）What can be inferred from the passage? vitamin D levels are helpful in keeping us energetic research findings are inconsistent with the popular belief. more sunshine we get, the less excited we are likely to feel. link between sunshine and mental health was unknown before.【答案】 （1）D（2）A（3）C（4）B 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，研究表明：陽光照射是影響心理健康結(jié)果的最重要的天氣因素。換句話說：陽光越多，幸福越多。 （1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“But making time to get outside in the sun, even when it39。s cold out, could have bigger mood benefits than you might realize”花時間曬太陽，甚至當(dāng)外面很冷的時候也要這樣做，這可能對你的情緒有很大好處。可知，作者建議我們曬太陽，哪怕天氣很冷。故選D。 （2）考查詞義猜測。根據(jù)第五段中的“If you39。re getting enough sun, your emotions should remain relatively stable, the researchers found. But as the amount of sunlight in the day is reduced, levels of emotional pain can soar.”如果你獲得足夠的陽光，你的情緒應(yīng)該會保持相對地穩(wěn)定?？梢酝浦?，當(dāng)光照量減少的時候，人們的情緒就不會那么穩(wěn)定，痛苦情緒就會增加。故選A。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“It finds that sunlight exposure is by far the greatest weatherrelated factor determining mental health outes. In other words: more sunshine, more happiness.”研究發(fā)現(xiàn)，陽光照射是影響心理健康結(jié)果最重要的天氣因素。換句話說：陽光越多，越快樂。故選C。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“People tend to associate rainy days, pollution, and other meteorological phenomena with sadness or depression, but we did not find that”人們傾向于將雨天、污染和其他氣象現(xiàn)象與悲傷或抑郁聯(lián)系起來，但我們的研究沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)這一點?？芍珺YU的研究結(jié)果和大眾的看法不一致。故選B。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解，詞義猜測和推理判斷三個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細節(jié)信息，同時根據(jù)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系，進行分析，推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 There might be as many as 10 million species of plex life on this planet today —— a huge number. But add up all of the plex species that ever lived and some biologists think the grand total would be about five billion. The estimate leads to an astonishing conclusion: a staggering 99% of species are not around any more. They have been driven to extinction. More species are joining the ranks of the extinct every year. Many scientists believe we are living through an episode of remarkably rapid extinction, on a scale that has been seen only five times in the last half a billion years. They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction —— a large, global decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans are the main cause. Overhunting, overfishing, and humandriven habitat loss are pushing many species to the brink. In fact, we have changed the planet so much that some geologists are now suggesting that we have entered a new phase in Earth39。s history。 an epoch they call the ＂Anthropocene＂. By 2100, it is expected that humans will have caused the extinction of up to half of the world39。s current species. Because we are living through this extinction, it is relatively easy for us to study the driving forces behind it. But how do we determine what caused other mass dieoffs that happened long ago? To do so we have to look at what archaeologists, palaeontologists, geologists and other scientists have concluded from the evidence they have gathered. The trouble is, those scientists do not always agree with one another —— even about the most recent extinction event. As well as the fiveor six mass extinctions, there have also been many smaller extinctions. One of these mini extinction events happened towards the end of the Pleistocene, a few tens of thousands of years ago. It is sometimes called the ＂megafaunal＂ extinction because many of the species it claimed were particularly large animals, weighing more than 97lb (44kg). However, its cause remains a debate amongst scientists.（1）What can we learn about the sixth mass extinction？ A.Humans are the main cause of it.B.It means a global decline over a long time.C.It occurred towards the end of the Pleistocene.D.Scientists still disagree about the cause of it.（2）What can be inferred from the text about species？ A.99% of species will not be around any more by 2100.B.By the 22nd century, there will probably be about five million on this planet.C.About eight years later we will enter what is called the ＂Anthropocene＂.D.It is not easy for us to figure out causes behind the＂Anthropocene＂.（3）Which of the following is closest in meaning to the underlined word in the last paragraph ? A.Land animals.B.Marine life.C.Huge animals.D.Flesheating creatures.【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，許多科學(xué)家認(rèn)為，我們正經(jīng)歷著地球史上第六次大規(guī)模物種滅絕，主要原因是人類的過度捕獵、過度捕撈和人類棲息地的喪失。但是，各個科學(xué)家對過去物種滅絕原因有著不同的看法，即便是最近的一次小規(guī)模物種滅絕——大型動物滅絕，有關(guān)的滅絕原因，科學(xué)家仍在爭論。(1)考查細節(jié)理解。第三段提到大規(guī)模物種滅絕是在a relatively short period of time，所以B錯誤；最后一段提到大型動物的滅絕發(fā)生在the end of the Pleistocene，而第六次大規(guī)模物種滅絕是當(dāng)下正在發(fā)生的，所以C錯誤；根據(jù)第三段中的＂They call this current episode the sixth mass extinction —— a large, global decline in a wide variety of species over a relatively short period of time. And they tend to agree that humans are the main cause.＂可知，科學(xué)家認(rèn)為人類是第六次大規(guī)模物種滅絕的主要原因，沒有不同意見，因此D錯誤，因此選A。(2)考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“There might be as many as 10 million