【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 doesn39。t encourage waiters and waitresses to do anything but turn over as many tables as possible. Tipping is also very unfair to kitchen staff. The law allows restaurants to divide tips between frontofthehouse workers like waiters, hosts, hostesses, and bartenders (調(diào)酒師), but not cooks. This creates a system in which the people serving the food in a restaurant can earn more than the people preparing it. One of the most fascinating parts of Meyer39。s move is that, unlike some restaurant owners who have taken an antitipping stand, he won39。t simply add a standard extra charge to diners39。 bills. Rather, Union Square Hospitality Group means to raise menu prices enough to fully cover the cost of a meal. If Meyer manages to move away from tipping at all without hurting his profits, it would almost certainly set the stage for others to follow suit.（1）What39。s Danny Meyer39。s attitude towards stopping tipping? A.Negative.B.Supportive.C.Objective.D.Doubtful.（2）What can be inferred from Paragraph 2? A.Tipping may disturb the restaurants39。 management.B.Tipping will guarantee diners high quality service.C.Tipping can arouse the staff39。s enthusiasm for work.D.Tipping will bring customers a sense of satisfaction.（3）What can we know about Union Square Hospitality group? A.Brian Palmer is in charge of it now.B.Its cooks earn much more than its servers.C.Restaurant tipping has been totally banned there.D.Diners will be charged more for the dishes there.（4）What is the topic of the passage? A.Restaurants39。 getting rid of tipping.B.Difficulties that restaurants are faced with.C.The popularity of notipping restaurants.D.Tips on running restaurants successfully.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，介紹了強(qiáng)迫服務(wù)員和侍者靠顧客的小費(fèi)，而不是正常的工資維持生計(jì)是一種毫無(wú)意義、粗魯、獨(dú)特的美國(guó)風(fēng)俗，過(guò)去幾年，一些進(jìn)步的餐館老板試圖消除這種風(fēng)俗。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Danny Meyer, CEO of Union Square Hospitality Group, is about to join their ranks and has announced that he plans to gradually stop tipping at the pany39。s 13 restaurants.”可知Danny Meyer宣布他計(jì)劃逐步停止在該公司13家餐廳給小費(fèi)，這表明他對(duì)停止給小費(fèi)是支持的，故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“l(fā)eaving a waiter39。s pay in the hands of customers has a feeling of classism (階級(jí)歧視)．This fails in practice because humans turn out to be pretty arbitrary (隨意的) about their tipping behavior.”和“All of this doesn39。t encourage waiters and waitresses to do anything but turn over as many tables as possible.”可知給服務(wù)員小費(fèi)有一個(gè)階級(jí)歧視的感覺(jué)，由于人類的隨意性并不能達(dá)到預(yù)期效果，起不到鼓勵(lì)服務(wù)員的作用。這些都會(huì)擾亂飯店的管理，故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Rather, Union Square Hospitality Group means to raise menu prices enough to fully cover the cost of a meal.”可知Union Square Hospitality Group打算提高菜單價(jià)格，這樣顧客就會(huì)為飯菜多支付錢，故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Danny Meyer, …… has announced that he plans to gradually stop tipping at the pany39。s 13 restaurants.”點(diǎn)明了本文主要內(nèi)容，下文介紹了給小費(fèi)的不良影響及Danny Meyer這一舉動(dòng)的意義。本文是圍繞禁止給小費(fèi)這一事件寫(xiě)的，Restaurants39。 getting rid of tipping適合作為標(biāo)題，故選A?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 Little New Year (Chinese: Xiaonian), usually a week before the lunar New Year, falls on Feb 8 this year. It is also known as the Festival of the Kitchen God, the deity(神) who oversees the moral character of each household. Here are six things you should know about the Little New Year, another sign of the start of spring. ⒈O(jiān)ffer sacrifices to Kitchen God One of the most distinctive traditions of the Little New Year is the burning of a paper image of the Kitchen God, who will report on the family39。s conduct over the past year. The offerings to the Kitchen God include pig39。s head, fish, sweet bean paste, melons, fruit, boiled dumplings, barley sugar, and Guandong candy, a sticky treat made out of glutinous millet and sprouted wheat. Most of the offerings are sweets of various varieties. It is thought that this will seal the Kitchen God39。s mouth and encourage him to only say good things about the family when he ascends to heaven to make his report. ⒉House cleaning According to Chinese folk beliefs, during the last month of the year ghosts and deities must choose either to return to Heaven or to stay on Earth. It is believed that in order to ensure the ghosts and deities39。 timely departure people must thoroughly clean both their persons and their houses, down to every last drawer and cupboard. ⒊Eat Guandong candy Guandong candy, a sticky treat made out of glutinous millet and sprouted wheat, is a traditional snack that Chinese people eat on the Festival of the Kitchen God. ⒋Paste papercuts to windows In the Little New Year, old couplets and papercuts from the previous Spring Festival are taken down, and new window decorations, New Year39。s posters, and auspicious(吉利的) decorations are pasted up. ⒌Bath and haircut As the old Chinese saying goes, whether they39。re rich or poor, people often have a haircut before the Spring Festival. The activity of taking bath and haircut is often taken on the Little New Year. ⒍Preparations for Spring Festival People start to stock up necessary provisions for the Spring Festival since the Little New Year. Everything needed to make offerings to the ancestors, entertain guests, and feed the family over the long holiday must be purchased in advance.（1）What is the most unusual tradition in the Little New Year? A.Offering sacrifices to the Kitchen GodB.Burning paper image of Kitchen GodC.Preparing the necessity for the New YearD.Cleaning house and people themselves（2）What is the Kitchen God39。s duty in the man39。s world? A.Collecting the information of the man39。s worldB.Protecting the character of each homeC.Gath