【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 ut or as a reward for something like getting kids to school on time or taking them to the doctor for checkups. Evans and Popova looked at the impact those cash transfers had on the family budget and whether or not they led to an increase in spending on alcohol and cigarettes .What they found was that they almost always led to a reduction in a family39。s alcohol and tobacco purchases. The news may surprise some people, but it39。s true, and the researchers have several theories about why. One theory is that the cash transfer made things possible that once seemed impossible. Investing in their kids39。 education or buying healthier and more expensive foods may be within reach now, but without the cash handout, these goals weren39。t even a possibility. So families cut back on other expenses (like alcohol and tobacco) to make those dreams a reality. Another theory is that people just generally seem to do what they39。re told. If they are given money and told to use it for their family39。s welfare, in most cases, they will do just that. And that leads to the third theory: These cash transfers are usually given to women, and studies show that when women control the purse strings, more money is spent on taking care of their children. Whatever the reason for the trend, the data is clear—families that receive cash handouts don39。t waste the money on booze and cigarettes as was previously thought. Instead, they typically use that money for the benefit of their families. And that39。s money well spent.（1）The study proves that . A.cash transfers help poor families get what would seem unavailable otherwiseB.cash should be given to poor people as a reward for something good for kidsC.given cash handouts, poor people would spend the money on alcohol and tobaccoD.poor people would save the cash given by the government for emergency needs（2）A cash transfer led to a reduction in a family39。s alcohol and tobacco purchases because . A.the education gained with the cash would help them drop alcohol and tobaccoB.the money previously for alcohol and tobacco would help realize their dreamC.buying healthier and more expensive foods left less money for alcohol and tobaccoD.that was the promise made before the cash transfer was given to the poor family（3）In paragraph 5, when the author said women control the purse strings, he just meant . A.women are told what to doB.women are given the moneyC.women know what to do with the moneyD.women have the final word for money（4）The passage mainly tells us . A.how the study was carried outB.why cash transfer is preferredC.the findings of a study and explanations to themD.the theories for a study about cash transfers【答案】（1）A（2）B（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，世界銀行和斯坦福大學(xué)的專家進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)研究，給貧窮家庭一筆匯款，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)匯款能夠減少煙酒方面的花銷，作者分析了出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段“Whatever the reason for the trend, the data is clear—families that receive cash handouts don39。t waste the money on booze and cigarettes as was previously , they typically use that money for the benefit of their families. And that39。s money well spent.”可知給貧窮家庭的匯款并不會(huì)被使用在酒精和香煙上，很多貧窮家庭會(huì)用來改善生活。這與之前的看法是相反的。故選A。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段“ One theory is that the cash transfer made things possible that once seemed impossible. Investing in their kids39。 education or buying healthier and more expensive foods may be within reach now, but without the cash handout, these goals weren39。t even a possibility. So families cut back on other expenses (like alcohol and tobacco) to make those dreams a reality.”可知當(dāng)某些家庭得到匯款以后，他們會(huì)把這筆錢和用在喝酒抽煙上的錢一起被用在孩子的教育上，或購買之前無法購買的東西上。故選B。（3）考查句義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“These cash transfers are usually given to women, and studies show that when women control the purse strings, more money is spent on taking care of their children.”可知當(dāng)匯款給了女性以后，通常都會(huì)有比較好的結(jié)果。故劃線句指“女性控制花錢的話語權(quán)”。故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。本文是一篇說明文，世界銀行和斯坦福大學(xué)的專家進(jìn)行了一項(xiàng)研究，給貧窮家庭一筆匯款，結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)匯款能夠減少煙酒方面的花銷，并分析了出現(xiàn)這一現(xiàn)象的原因。故選C?！军c(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷，詞義猜測(cè)和主旨大意三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇調(diào)查報(bào)告，要求考生根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 Emoji might not be your first choice of munication in a disaster, but researchers feel they could make a difference during emergencies, where every second counts. Now, the Emojiquake campaign is lobbying for an earthquake emoji to be added to the Unicode set — the standard group of icons available on digital devices worldwide. The campaign aims to find an earthquakeappropriate design to be submitted to Unicode. Approximately up to one third of the world39。s population are exposed to earthquakes, explains University of Southampton seismologist (地震學(xué)家) Dr. Stephen Hicks, a founder of the campaign. So we really want to be able to municate to all of those regions, all of those different languages, and an emoji is an amazing way of doing that. Unlike many other weather and climate related events, where longer warning times or visible signs are available, earthquakes move incredibly quickly and are difficult to measure while they are still occurring. Populations in areas like Japan and Mexico are dependent on earthquake early warning technology, which issues an alert on digital devices and broadcast media. You may have seconds to get under a table or to protect yourself, explains Dr. Hicks. That can be life saving in many cases. Naturally you don39。t want too much wording in the warning message. Pictographs (象形文字) and other visuals like emoji have a track record of being faster and easier to understand than written information. Dr. Sara McBride, a munications specialist, who is also part of the campaign, told BBC News, Emoji can cross the boundaries of written languages, helping municate valuable information to people who may struggle to read a certain language. The potential usefulness of emoji in emergencies could extend well beyond earthquakes. A team of designers also came up with emerji—an entire set of emoji dedicated to climate and environmental events.（1）According to the passage, why did the campaign choose earthquakes as their target? A.Because earth