【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 C. watched, heard D. was watching, heard4.They _____ a football game from 7 to 9 last night.A. were watching B. watch C. watched D. are watching5.What book ____ you ______ when I ____ you at four yesterday afternoon?A. did, read, was seeing B. did, read, saw C. were, reading, saw D. were, reading, was seeingLesson 3 完成時(shí)態(tài)一、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)（一）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞have/has+動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞（二）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的用法1）、表示過(guò)去發(fā)生或已經(jīng)完成的動(dòng)作對(duì)現(xiàn)在造成的影響或結(jié)果，常與already, yet, ever, never, just，before 等詞連用。如：Have you ever cooked at home? 你吃晚飯了嗎？You have already grown much 。2）表示過(guò)去已經(jīng)開(kāi)始，持續(xù)到現(xiàn)在的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，并可能還要延續(xù)。往往和表示一段時(shí)間的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，常用的有：for＋一段時(shí)間；since+過(guò)去時(shí)間點(diǎn)或從句。（Since 用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作起始時(shí)間，for用來(lái)說(shuō)明動(dòng)作延續(xù)時(shí)間長(zhǎng)度），提問(wèn)用How ：It has been five years since he joined the army .他參軍五年了。They have learned English for eight years .他們已學(xué)了八年的英語(yǔ)了。3）、現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)需注意的問(wèn)題：表示短暫性的動(dòng)詞不能與表示一段時(shí)間的壯語(yǔ)連用appear, begin, borrow, lend, buy, close, e, die, fall, find, finish, join kill, leave, sell, stop等。如：He has joined the army for five years. （錯(cuò)誤）He has been in the army for five years.(正確)注意：①非延續(xù)性動(dòng)詞的否定形式可以與表示延續(xù)時(shí)間的狀語(yǔ)連用。即動(dòng)作不發(fā)生的狀態(tài)是可以持續(xù)的。I have received his letter for a month. （錯(cuò)）I haven39。t received his letter for almost a month. （對(duì)）②不能和明確的過(guò)去時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，如：yesterday, last week, in 1998,two days ago等。③have/has been to 和have/has gone to 的區(qū)別：have/has been to 表示“（某人）曾經(jīng)去過(guò)某地”I have been to Hongzhou. 我曾經(jīng)去過(guò)杭州。have/has gone to 表示“（某人）現(xiàn)在到某地去了”（現(xiàn)在不在這兒了）。He has gone to Beijing. 他現(xiàn)在到北京去了。 （現(xiàn)在可能去北京的路上，也可能已到達(dá)北京）（三）現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)和一般過(guò)去時(shí)的區(qū)別現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)用來(lái)表示之前已發(fā)生或完成的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，其結(jié)果的確和現(xiàn)在有聯(lián)系。動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)發(fā)生在過(guò)去，但它的影響現(xiàn)在還存在；而一般過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去的事實(shí)，不表示和現(xiàn)在的關(guān)系。I have just been to London. I went there last month. 我剛?cè)ミ^(guò)倫敦，是上個(gè)月去的。 (1). 過(guò)去時(shí)表示過(guò)去某時(shí)發(fā)生的動(dòng)作或單純敘述過(guò)去的事情，強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作；現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)為過(guò)去發(fā)生的，強(qiáng)調(diào)過(guò)去的事情對(duì)現(xiàn)在的影響，強(qiáng)調(diào)的是影響。(2). 過(guò)去時(shí)常與具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，而現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)通常與模糊的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)連用，或無(wú)時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)。 一般過(guò)去時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):yesterday, last week，…ago, in1980, in October, just now, 具體的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ) 共同的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ):this morning, tonight, this April, now, once，before, already, recently，lately 現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)的時(shí)間狀語(yǔ)：for, since, so far, ever, never, just, yet, till / until, up to now, in past years,鞏固訓(xùn)練Both his parents look sad . Maybe they ______what39。s happened to him . A. knew B. have known C. must know D. will knowHe has _______ been to Shanghai , has he ?A. already Have you met Mr. Li ______？ A. just B. ago D. a moment agoThe famous writer _____ one new book in the past two year . A. is writing writing written—Our country ______ a lot so far . —Yes . I hope it will be even ______ . changed 。 well 。 good changed 。 better 。 betterZhao Lan ______already ______in this school for two years . A. was 。 studying B. will 。 study C. has 。 studied D. are 。 studyingWe ______ Xiao Li since she was a little girl . A. know B. had known C. have known D. knewHarry Potter is a very nice film .I______ it twice . A. will see B. have seen C. saw D. see—These farmers have been to the United States . —Really ? When _____ there ?A. will they go B. did they go C. do they go D. have they gone —______ you ___ your homework yet ? —Yes . I _____ it a moment ago . 。 do 。 finished 。 done 。 finished 。 done 。 have finished 。 do 。 finish二．過(guò)去完成時(shí)（一）過(guò)去完成時(shí)構(gòu)成：助動(dòng)詞had＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞（二）過(guò)去完成時(shí)的用法：表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間或動(dòng)作以前已完成的行為或存在的狀態(tài)。即發(fā)生的時(shí)間是過(guò)去的過(guò)去。常與“by/before+過(guò)去時(shí)間”構(gòu)成的短語(yǔ)連用。如：The train had already left before we arrived. 在我到達(dá)之前，火車已經(jīng)開(kāi)走了。He said that he had learned some English before. 他說(shuō)過(guò)他以前學(xué)過(guò)一些英語(yǔ)。表示在過(guò)去某一時(shí)間點(diǎn)之前已經(jīng)持續(xù)了一段時(shí)間的動(dòng)作或狀態(tài)，常與for/since引導(dǎo)的表示過(guò)去的時(shí)間壯語(yǔ)連用。如：I had lived in America for two years before I came here .我來(lái)這兒之前在美國(guó)住過(guò)兩年。表示過(guò)去未曾實(shí)現(xiàn)的計(jì)劃、愿望等。這種用法中常用的動(dòng)詞為hope, want,plan,wish, expect, think, intend, mean, suppose等。如：We had hoped that you would e, but you didn39。t.那時(shí)我們希望你能來(lái)，但是你沒(méi)有來(lái)。I had thought that all knew about 。鞏固訓(xùn)練1．He asked me _____ during the summer holidays.A. where I had been B. where I had gone C. where had I been D. where had I gone2. What ____ Jane ____ by the time he was seven?A. did, do B. has, done C did, did. D. had, done3. I _____ 900 English words by the time I was ten。A. learned B. was learning C. had learned D. learnt4. She ______lived here for ______ years.A. had, a few B. has, several C. had, a lot of D. has, a great deal of5. By the time my parents reached home yesterday, I ____ the dinner already.A had cooked B. cooked C. have cooked D. was cooked6. She said she ________ the principle alreadyA .has seen B. saw C. will see D. had seen7. She said her family _____ themselves _____ the army during the war.A. has hidden, from B. had hidden, from C. has hidden, with D. had hidden, with8. By the time he was ten years old, he ______.A. has pleted university B. has pleted the universityB. had pleted an university D. had pleted university9. She had written a number of books ____ the end of last year.A. for B. in C. by D. at 10. He ____ to play ____ before he was 11 years old.A had learned, piano B. had learned, the piano C. has learned, the piano D. learns ,piano. Lesson4語(yǔ)態(tài)復(fù)習(xí)一、動(dòng)詞語(yǔ)態(tài)概念英語(yǔ)語(yǔ)態(tài)：語(yǔ)態(tài)是動(dòng)詞的一種形式，用以表示主語(yǔ)和謂語(yǔ)之間的關(guān)系。英語(yǔ)的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)，當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，則為主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)；當(dāng)主語(yǔ)是謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，則為被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。例如：They cleaned the classroom yesterday.昨天他們打掃了教室。The classroom was cleaned by them yesterday.昨天教室被他們打掃了。二、被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成1. 被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的基本結(jié)構(gòu)：肯定句：主語(yǔ)+be+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞否定句：主語(yǔ)+be+not+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞一般疑問(wèn)句：Be+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞特殊疑問(wèn)句：特殊疑問(wèn)詞+be+主語(yǔ)+動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞常用時(shí)態(tài)被動(dòng)結(jié)構(gòu)例句一般現(xiàn)在時(shí)am/ is/ are+過(guò)去分詞Cars are made by them. 一般過(guò)去時(shí)was/were+過(guò)去分詞The MP3 was bought by my father.一般將來(lái)時(shí)will/shall be+過(guò)去分詞am/ is/ are going to be+過(guò)去分詞The bridge will be pleted in ten days.現(xiàn)在進(jìn)行時(shí)am/ is/ are+ being+過(guò)去分詞Flowers are being watered by her.過(guò)去進(jìn)行時(shí)was/were being＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞A letter was being written by her this time yesterday.現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)have/has been＋動(dòng)詞過(guò)去分詞 The meeting has been put o