【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 tudy was a project involving researchers at Peking University in China and Yale University in the United States. The researchers reported that longterm exposure to air pollution can affect a person39。s mental abilities in two areas: Language and math. The researchers studied about 25,000 people from across China. Between 2010 and 2014, these Chinese men, women and children were given language and math tests. Then researchers pared the test results with measurements of pollution in the air, namely nitrogen dioxide and sulfur dioxide (二氧化硫). Xi Chen of the Yale School of Public Health led the study. He and his team found that breathing polluted air can reduce a person39。s education level by about one year. Chen said that the effect generally is worse for those over 64 years of age, for men and for those with little or no education. “The older persons—they are more affected. And we find, quite amazingly, males are more affected than females. And people working outdoors are more affected than people working indoors. He noted that the youngest people in the study were 10 years old, while the oldest was 90 years old. They came from China39。s 33 provinces. In his words, the data and facts are convincing and this range of ages and locations across the country provided a real, objective and representative sample. The researchers noted that the effect of air pollution on verbal ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated. The researchers also stressed that every country, whether developed, developing or poor, should focus on air pollution or humans will face a bad situation.（1）What is the result of the study? pollution has a bad effect on people39。s intelligence. are more affected by air pollution than males. are more affected by air pollution than Chinese. working indoors are actually not affected by air pollution.（2）What did Chen say about the study? is doubtful. is extremely unfair. is mon and not representative. is relatively objective and persuasive.（3）What did the researchers emphasize in the last paragraph? data from the 33 provinces is convincing. whole world should pay attention to air pollution. less educated take more responsibility for air pollution. pollution39。s influence on verbal ability is less serious as people age.（4）Where is the text most likely taken from? life diary. guidebook. science magazine. biography.【答案】 （1）A（2）D（3）B（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇說明文，一項新的研究表明，長期暴露在空氣污染中會在語言和數(shù)學兩個方面影響一個人的智力，因此每個國家都應關注空氣污染否則人類將面臨一個糟糕的局面。 （1）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第二段中的“The researchers reported that longterm exposure to air pollution can affect a person39。s mental abilities in two areas: Language and math.”可知，研究人員報告說，長期暴露在空氣污染中會在兩個方面影響一個人的智力：語言和數(shù)學。即研究結(jié)果是空氣污染會對人們的智力產(chǎn)生不良影響。故選A。 （2）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“In his words, the data and facts are convincing and this range of ages and locations across the country provided a real, objective and representative sample.”可知，用Xi Chen的話說，調(diào)查得到的數(shù)據(jù)和事實令人信服，全國各地的不同年齡和不同地方的人提供了真實，客觀和有代表性的研究樣本。即Xi Chen對這項研究說的是“研究結(jié)果是相對客觀和有說服力的?！惫蔬xD。 （3）考查細節(jié)理解。根據(jù)最后一段“The researchers noted that the effect of air pollution on verbal ability is even more serious as people age, especially among men and the less educated. The researchers also stressed that every country, whether developed, developing or poor, should focus on air pollution or humans will face a bad situation.”可知，研究人員指出，隨著人們年齡的增長，空氣污染對言語能力的影響更加嚴重，尤其是在男性和文化程度較低的人群中。研究人員還強調(diào)，每個國家，無論是發(fā)達國家，發(fā)展中國家還是貧窮國家，都應關注空氣污染否則人類將面臨一個糟糕的局面。因此在最后一段中研究人員強調(diào)了全世界應該注意空氣污染。故選B。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段“A new study shows that air pollution can cause a huge reduction in our intelligence. The study was a project involving researchers at Peking University in China and Yale University in the United States.”可知，本文的話題是研究表明空氣污染會大大降低人們的智力。該研究是一個由中國北京大學和美國耶魯大學的研究人員參與的項目。因此可以推斷出文章可能來自于科學雜志。故選C。 【點評】本題考點涉及細節(jié)理解和推理判斷兩個題型的考查，是一篇科研類閱讀，考生需要準確捕捉細節(jié)信息，并根據(jù)上下文進行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 The American newspaper has been around for about three hundred years. In 1721, the printer James Franklin, Benjamin39。s older brother, started the New England Courant, and that was what we might recognize today as a real newspaper. He filled his paper with stories of adventure, articles on art, on famous people, and on all sorts of political subjects. Three centuries after the appearance of Franklin39。s Courant, few believe that newspapers in their present printed form will remain alive for long, Newspaper panies are losing advertisers, readers, market value, and in some cases, their sense of purpose at a speed that would not have been imaginable just several years ago. The chief editor of the Times said recently, “At places where they gather, editors ask one another, 39。How are you?39。, as if they have just e out of the hospital or a lost law case.” An article about the newspaper appealed on the website of the Guardian, under the headline “NOT DEAD YET.” Perhaps not, but the rise of the Internet, which has made the daily newspaper look slow and out of step with the world, has brought about a real sense of death, Some American newspapers have lost 42% of their market value in the past three years. The New York Times Company has seen its stock（股票）drop by 54% since the end of 2004, with much of the loss ing in the past year. A manager at Deutsche Bank suggested that stock holders sell off their Times stock. The Washington Post Company has prevented the trouble only by changing part of its business to education。 its testing and test — preparation service now brings in at least half the pany39。s ine,（1）What can we learn about the New England Courant? A.It is mainly about the stock market.B.It carries articles by political leaders.C.It marks the beginning of newspapers.D.It remains a successful newspaper in America.（2）What can we infer about the newspaper editors? A.They often accept readers39。 suggestions.B.They caw a lot about each other39。s health.C.They stop doing business with advertisers.D.They face great difficulties in their business.（3）Which of the following found a new way for its development? A.the Washington Post.16