【文章內(nèi)容簡介】 uture. ②What would it be like growing up with a brother or a sister? Having a sibling can stop children from bad feelings, according to Laura PadillaWalker, a teacher from Brigham Young University, US. Siblings give children something that parents can39。t, she said. You may not feel lonely at home any more because there is someone to play with you. You can also share secrets with him or her. ③But children with siblings also have to learn to control（控制） their feelings, said PadillaWalker. You need to share things with them, such as attention from parents, toys, the bathroom and the TV. There are also unpleasant situations such as petition, namecalling and even hairpulling. ④Even the birth order of siblings could matter too. US psychologist Kevin Leman said that birth order decides the way parents treat their children, thus causing different personalities between siblings. ⑤Kevin Leman explained that parents are usually more strict with their first child. So firstborns may be perfect because parents set high goals（目標(biāo)） for them. They usually act well and hope to succeed. When the couple has a second child, they have fewer rules. So lateborn children are usually more creative. They also love attention. It is said that many of them also have a good sense of humor.（1）The underlined word this in Paragraph 1 refers to（指） ______. A.onechild policyB.having a brother or a sisterC.the end of onechild policyD.being allowed to have more than two children（2）In Paragraph 2, the writer mainly tells us ______. A.the advantages of having a siblingB.how to look after a siblingC.how to get on well with a siblingD.the secrets of having a sibling（3）According to Kevin Leman, ______. A.lateborn children are usually successful at schoolB.having a sibling can stop children from bad feelingsC.parents are usually more strict with their firstborn childD.children with siblings have to learn to control their feelings（4）Which of the following best shows the structure（結(jié)構(gòu)） of the passage? A.B.C.D.【答案】 （1）B（2）A（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】文章大意：中國開放二胎，家里有2個(gè)小孩，會(huì)使得孩子不感到孤獨(dú)，父母對(duì)待孩子的方式不一樣，第一胎較為嚴(yán)格。 （1）推斷題。根據(jù)文章提到的 Would you like to have a brother or a sister 可知，this指代了上文提到的have a brother or a sister，故選B。 （2）主旨題。根據(jù)文章介紹了二孩的好處，不會(huì)讓孩子感到孤獨(dú)，可知第二段介紹了the advantages of having a sibling，故選A。 （3）細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章提到的 Kevin Leman explained that parents are usually more strict with their first child 可知，父母對(duì)第一胎要求嚴(yán)格，故選C。 （4）細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)文章一開始說了二胎政策，然后說了二胎的好處與壞處，可知文章的結(jié)構(gòu)是總分，第二段和第三段講述了有兄弟姐妹的情景，第四五段講述了有兄弟姐妹可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致的問題，故選D。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】考查閱讀理解。本文涉及細(xì)節(jié)題、推斷題和主旨題三種常考題型，細(xì)節(jié)題要注意從文中尋找答案；推斷題需要聯(lián)系上下文，推斷出需要的信息；主旨題需要通讀全文，了解大意之后找出中心思想。7．閱讀理解 More than 1,000 different kinds of pieces of plastic, including 115 cups, 25 bags, four bottles and two pairs of shoes, have been found inside a dead whale（鯨魚） in Indonesia, according to local officials. When the whale was found on the island, it was already deposing when animal doctors arrived. So they were unable to be sure if the plastic caused its death, said Lukas, the leader of the World Wildlife Fund in Indonesia. The plastic weighed about 6 kilograms, or 13 pounds, he said. But pictures of the dead whale caused a warm discussion. The people in the country have started to realize that it is because of using too much plastic. So has the government. Indonesia, a nation of about 260 million people was the world39。s secondbiggest producer of plastic waste in 2018, behind only China. If the whales eat too much plastic, they will have a wrong feeling. They think that they are full. And that will lead them to eat less food that provides all the good things they need, said Nicholas who is the leader of the Ocean Conservancy. Moreover, eating too much plastic can make them reduce their weight, their energy and slow down their swimming. As a result, whales are easier to be hurt by the sharks and many other dangerous animals in the sea. More than 800 kinds of animals in the sea are affected by about million tons of plastic which is thrown away freely in the ocean each year. Plastic can also stop the animals moving freely and sometimes they will cause them to die because they have to be under the water for too long. Some plastic can make a small hole in their stomachs after they eat it.（1）What does the underlined word deposing in Paragraph 2 mean? A.腐爛.B.吸收.C.凝固.D.飄散.（2）Which country produced most plastic waste in 2018? A.India.B.China.C.Indonesia.D.America.（3）What happens to the whales after eating too much plastic? A.They will feel hungry.B.They will die at once.C.They will eat less healthy food.D.They will attack sharks actively.（4）According to the passage, what can we infer? A.Pictures of the dead whale caught few people39。s attention.B.People kill whales because they are dangerous animals.C.Plastic can stop sea animals moving freely, even cause them to die.D.Indonesia government will take action to stop the sea pollution.【答案】 （1）A（2）B（3）C（4）D 【解析】【分析】這篇文章講述在印度尼西亞發(fā)現(xiàn)了一頭死去的鯨魚胃里有很多塑料。由此引起了人們對(duì)過度使用塑料的反思。 （1）細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)后文So they were unable to be sure if the plastic caused its death…可知這只鯨魚在被發(fā)現(xiàn)時(shí)已經(jīng)死了，可推知deposing描述的是它死后的狀態(tài)，結(jié)合選項(xiàng)，腐爛的意思符合語境，故選A。 （2）細(xì)節(jié)題。根據(jù)第三段Indonesia, a nation of about 260 million people was the world39。s secondbiggest producer of