【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of selfcontrol may improve willpower strength. The evidence from willpowerexhaustion studies also suggests that making a list of resolutions on New Year39。s Eve is the worst possible approach. Being exhausted in one area can reduce willpower in other areas, so it makes more sense to focus on a single goal at a time. In other words, don39。t try to quit smoking, adopt a healthy diet and start a new exercise plan at the same time. Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, Baumeister says, you39。ll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will bee routine, and won39。t require making decisions at all.（1）From the studies in the passage we learn that ________. A.people have unlimited selfcontrolB.high motivation ensures one39。s successC.willpower is hardly pletely exhaustedD.too many temptations often lead to failure（2）The underlined phrase tap into in Paragraph 3 most probably means ________. A.make use ofB.run out ofC.buildD.increase（3）The author pares self—control to muscles ________. A.to prove the longterm effect of willpowerB.to show the significance of regular exerciseC.to argue that selfcontrol can he easily used upD.to explain the benefits of practicing selfcontrol（4）To develop a good habit, which of the following does the author prefer? A.I will give up dessert and do exercise.B.I will set three goals this new semester.C.I will read an English novel every month.D.I will keep myself from any temptation.【答案】 （1）C（2）A（3）D（4）C 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，列舉了關(guān)于意志力的幾種研究和觀點(diǎn)，作者認(rèn)為有了明確的目標(biāo)，良好的自我監(jiān)督和練習(xí)，就可以在面對(duì)誘惑時(shí)使意志力保持堅(jiān)強(qiáng)。 （1）考查細(xì)節(jié)理解。根據(jù)第三段中的“Researchers don39。t believe that one39。s willpower is ever pletely exhausted. Rather, people appear to hold some willpower in reserve, saved for future demands.”可知，研究人員不相信人的意志力會(huì)完全耗盡，他們還有備用的和為將來(lái)需求節(jié)省的意志力。所以從文章中的研究我們了解到意志力幾乎沒(méi)有完全喪失。故選C。 （2）考查詞義猜測(cè)。根據(jù)第三段中的The right motivation allows us to tap into those reserves, allowing us to carry on even when our selfcontrol strength has been run down.可知，正確的動(dòng)機(jī)使我們能夠利用這些儲(chǔ)備，即使我們的自我控制能力已經(jīng)被消耗殆盡，我們?nèi)匀豢梢岳^續(xù)前進(jìn)。所以通過(guò)上下文的語(yǔ)境，判斷出tap into指利用，與make use of同義。故選A。 （3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第四段中的“While muscles bee exhausted by exercise in the short term, they are strengthened by regular exercise in the long term. Similarly, regular practices of selfcontrol may improve willpower strength.”可知，雖然肌肉在短期內(nèi)會(huì)因運(yùn)動(dòng)而疲憊不堪，但長(zhǎng)期而言，它們會(huì)通過(guò)經(jīng)常鍛煉而增強(qiáng)。同樣規(guī)律的自我控制可以提高意志力。兩者相比是為了說(shuō)明同一個(gè)道理：長(zhǎng)期的鍛煉和自我控制的好處。所以作者把自我控制比作肌肉是為了解釋自我控制的好處。故選D。 （4）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)倒數(shù)第二段中的“Taking goals one by one is a better approach. Once a good habit is in place, you39。ll no longer need to draw on your willpower to maintain the behavior. Eventually healthy habits will bee routine, and won39。t require making decisions at all.”可知，作者認(rèn)為一個(gè)接一個(gè)的制定目標(biāo)是一個(gè)更好的方法。一旦養(yǎng)成好習(xí)慣，你就不再需要依靠意志力來(lái)維持自己的行為。最終健康的習(xí)慣將成為慣例，而且不需要做任何決定。所以C項(xiàng)I will read an English novel every month.是先設(shè)立目標(biāo)，然后成為好習(xí)慣，作者更喜歡這種目標(biāo)。故選C。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，詞義猜測(cè)和推理判斷三個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇教育類(lèi)閱讀，考生需要準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解 When was the last time you told someone they inspire you to go to work each morning? Teachers at Oak Park High School in Kansas City, Missouri, did just that this September, when they pulled individual students out of class to tell them just how much they appreciated them. The students39。 reactions, which were captured (捕捉) on video and shared on YouTube in a nowviral video, ranged from shy thanks to hugs and tears. “I have been challenged to find a student who makes me want to e to school every day,” says one teacher in the video, “and that39。s you.” Jamie McSparin, a teacher in charge of the school39。s academy program for atrisk sophomores （二年級(jí)學(xué)生）and juniors, posed the challenge, writes ABC News. “Initially when we pulled the kids out, they all thought they were in trouble,” McSparin told ABC News. “Any teacherstudent interaction always seems to be negative (消極的), and that was something that bothered me, too. No matter if they39。re a good kid or a trouble maker or anything, they always thought they were in trouble,” she says. McSparin says she got the idea for the project after attending a professional development workshop this summer called the power of positivity. “I like the idea of letting students know they are appreciated, because we do appreciate them, I just don39。t think we say it enough,” she told local news outlet WDAFTV. It39。s safe to say the challenge was effective. “I feel special,” said one of the boys in the video. “You should,” said his teacher. “You are special.” （1）What does the underlined word “posed” in Paragraph 5 mean? A.Presented.B.Rejected.C.Ignored.D.Evaluated.（2）How did the students probably feel when pulled out of the classroom at first? A.Nervous.B.Thrilled.C.Curious.D.Encouraged.（3）What inspired McSparin to challenge the project? A.The trouble caused by students.B.The need of shooting the video.C.A seminar named the power of positivity.D.A program related to students39。 interactions.（4）What message does this text mainly convey? A.Challenge is unavoidable in life.B.1