【文章內(nèi)容簡(jiǎn)介】 mingham degree programmes without first pleting a foundation year which is a routine for the freshman.”可知在伯明翰大學(xué)承認(rèn)高考成績(jī)之前，中國(guó)學(xué)生需要進(jìn)行一年的預(yù)科學(xué)習(xí)之后才能進(jìn)入專業(yè)課程學(xué)習(xí)。故答案選A。 （2）推理判斷題。第一段第一句“The University of Birmingham is the first excellent UK Russell Group university to announce that it will accept the Gaokao exam for highflying Chinese students wishing to join its. undergraduate courses in 2019.”可知伯明翰大學(xué)的通告主要針對(duì)中國(guó)學(xué)生發(fā)布的。故答案選D。 （3）詞義猜測(cè)題。根據(jù)第三段劃線部分句子“We wele people from around the globe to study at Birmingham and Chinese students form an integral part of our education and research munity.”句意：我們歡迎來自世界各地的人們來伯明翰學(xué)習(xí)，中國(guó)學(xué)生是我們教育和研究領(lǐng)域不可或缺的一部分?？芍猧ntegral意思為“不可或缺的”，故答案選B。 （4）主旨大意題。本文介紹了世界一流大學(xué)——英國(guó)伯明翰大學(xué)從2019年起開始承認(rèn)中國(guó)高考成績(jī)，為更多的中國(guó)高水平學(xué)生提供更多到世界名校深造的機(jī)會(huì)。即伯明翰大學(xué)對(duì)高考成績(jī)的承認(rèn)，故答案選D。 【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及細(xì)節(jié)理解，推理判斷，詞義猜測(cè)和主旨大意四個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇說明類閱讀，要求考生準(zhǔn)確捕捉細(xì)節(jié)信息，通過題干中的關(guān)鍵詞在文章中定位，同時(shí)根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行分析，推理，概括和歸納，從而選出正確答案。4．閱讀理解 Forcing waiters and waitresses to survive on tips from customers rather than normal wages is a pointless, crude, and unique American custom that, in the past several years, a handful of progressive restaurant owners have attempted to do away with. Danny Meyer, CEO of Union Square Hospitality Group, is about to join their ranks and has announced that he plans to gradually stop tipping at the pany39。s 13 restaurants. What, exactly, is wrong with tipping? As Brian Palmer has explained, more or less it39。s everything. To start, leaving a waiter39。s pay in the hands of customers has a feeling of classism (階級(jí)歧視). And in theory, handing restaurant customers the power to tip is at least supposed to motivate better service. This fails in practice because humans turn out to be pretty arbitrary (隨意的) about their tipping behavior. Research has shown that the amount diners tip has very little to do with their level of satisfaction. All of this doesn39。t encourage waiters and waitresses to do anything but turn over as many tables as possible. Tipping is also very unfair to kitchen staff. The law allows restaurants to divide tips between frontofthehouse workers like waiters, hosts, hostesses, and bartenders (調(diào)酒師), but not cooks. This creates a system in which the people serving the food in a restaurant can earn more than the people preparing it. One of the most fascinating parts of Meyer39。s move is that, unlike some restaurant owners who have taken an antitipping stand, he won39。t simply add a standard extra charge to diners39。 bills. Rather, Union Square Hospitality Group means to raise menu prices enough to fully cover the cost of a meal. If Meyer manages to move away from tipping at all without hurting his profits, it would almost certainly set the stage for others to follow suit.（1）What39。s Danny Meyer39。s attitude towards stopping tipping? A.Negative.B.Supportive.C.Objective.D.Doubtful.（2）What can be inferred from Paragraph 2? A.Tipping may disturb the restaurants39。 management.B.Tipping will guarantee diners high quality service.C.Tipping can arouse the staff39。s enthusiasm for work.D.Tipping will bring customers a sense of satisfaction.（3）What can we know about Union Square Hospitality group? A.Brian Palmer is in charge of it now.B.Its cooks earn much more than its servers.C.Restaurant tipping has been totally banned there.D.Diners will be charged more for the dishes there.（4）What is the topic of the passage? A.Restaurants39。 getting rid of tipping.B.Difficulties that restaurants are faced with.C.The popularity of notipping restaurants.D.Tips on running restaurants successfully.【答案】（1）B（2）A（3）D（4）A 【解析】【分析】本文是一篇議論文，介紹了強(qiáng)迫服務(wù)員和侍者靠顧客的小費(fèi)，而不是正常的工資維持生計(jì)是一種毫無意義、粗魯、獨(dú)特的美國(guó)風(fēng)俗，過去幾年，一些進(jìn)步的餐館老板試圖消除這種風(fēng)俗。（1）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第一段中的“Danny Meyer, CEO of Union Square Hospitality Group, is about to join their ranks and has announced that he plans to gradually stop tipping at the pany39。s 13 restaurants.”可知Danny Meyer宣布他計(jì)劃逐步停止在該公司13家餐廳給小費(fèi)，這表明他對(duì)停止給小費(fèi)是支持的，故選B。（2）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)第二段中的“l(fā)eaving a waiter39。s pay in the hands of customers has a feeling of classism (階級(jí)歧視)．This fails in practice because humans turn out to be pretty arbitrary (隨意的) about their tipping behavior.”和“All of this doesn39。t encourage waiters and waitresses to do anything but turn over as many tables as possible.”可知給服務(wù)員小費(fèi)有一個(gè)階級(jí)歧視的感覺，由于人類的隨意性并不能達(dá)到預(yù)期效果，起不到鼓勵(lì)服務(wù)員的作用。這些都會(huì)擾亂飯店的管理，故選A。（3）考查推理判斷。根據(jù)最后一段中的“Rather, Union Square Hospitality Group means to raise menu prices enough to fully cover the cost of a meal.”可知Union Square Hospitality Group打算提高菜單價(jià)格，這樣顧客就會(huì)為飯菜多支付錢，故選D。（4）考查主旨大意。根據(jù)第一段中的“Danny Meyer, …… has announced that he plans to gradually stop tipping at the pany39。s 13 restaurants.”點(diǎn)明了本文主要內(nèi)容，下文介紹了給小費(fèi)的不良影響及Danny Meyer這一舉動(dòng)的意義。本文是圍繞禁止給小費(fèi)這一事件寫的，Restaurants39。 getting rid of tipping適合作為標(biāo)題，故選A。【點(diǎn)評(píng)】本題考點(diǎn)涉及推理判斷和主旨大意兩個(gè)題型的考查，是一篇文化類閱讀，考生需要根據(jù)上下文進(jìn)行邏輯推理，概括歸納，從而選出正確答案。5．閱讀理解What Cocktail Parties Teach Us You39。re at a party. Music is playing. Glasses are clinking. Dozens of conversations are driving up the decibel (分貝) level. Yet among all those distractions, you can tune your attention to just one voice from many. This ability is what researchers call the “cocktailparty effect”. Scientists at the University of California in San Francisco have found where that soundediting process occurs in the brain — in the auditory cortex (聽覺皮層) just behind the ear, not in areas of higher thought. The auditory cortex boosts some sounds and turns down others so that when the signal reaches the higher brain, “it39。s as if only one person was speaking alone,” says investigator Edward Chang. These findings, published in the journal Nature last week, explain why people aren39。t very good at multitasking — our brains are wired for “selective attention” and can focus on only one thing at a time. That inborn ability has helped humans survive in a world buzzing with visual and auditory stimulati