【正文】 raising of hand B) raising of hand。 cerebral cortex() B) brain stem()。 reliable B) reliable（信度）。 smilingC) asking a question。 XX B) XX。 shapeC) bright light。s theory, it was generally believed thatA) the best way to study the mind was through the use of the experimental method.B) human consciousness was identical to nonhuman animal consciousness.C) humans had access to all the activities of their own minds.D) unconscious processes affected conscious behavior.Answer: C4) According to the research on the development of selfawareness, the youngest age at which children acquire a sense of objective selfawareness is at about ________ months.A) 6 B) 18 C) 30 D) 42Answer: B5) The methodological breakthrough for the study of sleep came in 1937 when researchers began usingA) electroencephalograms. B) experiencesampling.C) hypnosis. D) thinkaloud protocols.Answer: A6) Most of a person39。音品)B) kinestheticsC) harmonicsD) auditory diffusionAnswer: A4) The process of ________ is responsible for the conversion of physical energy to neural impulses.A) transduction().B) plasticity.C) absolute threshold.D) psychophysics.Answer: A5) Nerve impulses that carry information travel along ________ to specialized processing areas inthe brain.A) vestibular canalsB) nerve endingsC) sensory pathways（感覺通路）D) olfactory epitheliumAnswer: C6) Loudness is determined by soundA) pitch.B) quality.C) amplitude（振幅）.D) frequency.Answer: C7) The eyes have two distinct types of photoreceptors(,感光器): the rods, which which detect ________, and the cones(1.(人眼)圓錐細(xì)胞), which detect ________.A) low intensity light。sA) genotype. B) phenotype().C) adaptations. D) selective advantage.Answer: B6) In the vocabulary of evolutionary theory, you have inherited ________ from your parents.A) a genotype B) a phenotypeC) a behavioral repertory D) your outward appearanceAnswer: A7) You are hastily (,倉促地)jotting notes for a quiz on basic genetics. Luckily, a friend notices that you have incorrectly written thatA) DNA contains 46 chromosomes(1.【醫(yī)】同原染色體).B) genes are located on chromosomes.C) DNA is located in the nucleus of each cell.D) DNA contains instructions for the production of proteins.Answer: A8) Sex chromosomesA) contain 23 pairs of genes.B) are identical for males and females.C) bring about the union of a sperm and an egg.D) code the development of male or female physical characteristics.Answer: D9) In the human male, the sex chromosomes normally consist of a(n) ________ pair。s displaced hostility（敵意） toward his mother is most likely to prefer the __D______ perspective.A) cognitive B) humanistic（人本主義） C) evolutionary D) psychodynamic（精神動力）8) Psychologists who take the behaviorist approach seek to BA) illustrate解釋 the innate天生的品質(zhì) goodness of humans.B) understand how environmental stimuli（刺激） control behavior.C) validate the importance of thought processes in human behavior.D) demonstrate the importance of unresolved conflicts and inner forces.9) A teacher wants to see whether smiling at children if they raise their hands when she asks a question increases the likelihood （可能性）that children will volunteer answers. From the behaviorist perspective, the antecedent environmental condition is ________ and the consequence is A) smiling。 reliable D) reliable or valid。 brain stem D) cerebral cortex。 smiling D) raising of hand。s behavior in terms of the rapist39。 妹妹). You can best guess thatA) her brothers will be genetically identical.B) she has the exact same genetic makeup as her brothers.C) she has about 50% of her genes in mon with her brothers.D) genetically she will be more like her stepsister than like her brothers.Answer: C12) Imagine traveling back in time to the seventeenth century. A French philosopher by the name of Descartes((法國哲學(xué)家、數(shù)學(xué)家,15961650)) has proposed the radical idea thatA) all animals have spirits.B) the human body is an animal machine.C) humans are no more intelligent than animals.D) human action cannot be understood by using scientific means.Answer: B13) Broca39。s（弗洛伊德） view, human nature is not always rational（理智的）, and behavior may be driven by motives（動機(jī)） that are not in conscious awareness.6) According to the humanistic perspective, people are driven by powerful, instinctive（本能） forces, manipulated by their environments, and are incapable of making choices and decisions concerning their lives.7) In the view of psychologists who follow the cognitive perspective, behavior is pletely determined（堅(jiān)定的） by preceding environmental events and past behavioral consequences.8) Simply stated, the idea behind natural selection is that organisms （有機(jī)體）that are better suited to their environments tend to produce offspring（后代） more successfully than those organisms with poorer adaptations.9) Brain imaging techniques（腦成像技術(shù)） have led to dramatic breakthroughs in the field of cognitive neuroscience（神經(jīng)科學(xué)）.10) Clinical psychologists apply the insights of researchers, but are not trained to do research themselves.Chapter 21) In what ways are theories and hypotheses（臆測） interrelated?A) Hypotheses are more important than theories.B) Theories are more important than hypotheses.C) When a hypothesis derived from a theory is not validated, the theory must be modified.D) Theories are not of fundamental importance in generating new hypotheses, except when a theory has been proven.Answer: C2) When psychological researchers are ready to put their hypotheses to the test, they rely onA) intuition. B) the scientific method.C) mon sense. D) subjective judgments.Answer: B3) There is a joke among scientists about a researcher who tells others that he belongs to a secret scientific society, where no one but the researcher will ever know about the studies members are doing. This joke is humorous because it violates（違反） the principle（原則） ofA) determinis