【正文】 anization structure。 ? 2．表層的制度系統(tǒng)（制度層）：規(guī)章制度、道德規(guī)范、行為準則和組織結(jié)構(gòu) ? 3．顯現(xiàn)層的組織文化載體（物質(zhì)層）：組織行為、文化設備、工作環(huán)境 ? （四）組織文化的功能 ? 1．整合功能 ? 2．適應功能 ? 3．導向功能 ? 4．發(fā)展功能 ? 5．持續(xù)功能 ? （五）組織文化的形成 ? 1．管理者的倡導 ? 2．組織成員的接受：“社會化”與“預社會化” ? （六）組織文化的塑造途徑 ? 1．確立正確的組織價值觀 ? 2．強化員工的認同感 ? 3．提煉定格 ? 4．鞏固落實 ? 5．在發(fā)展中不斷豐富和完善 ? 問題： ? 1．組織變革的動因有哪些 ? ? 2．變革過程中可能遇到哪些阻力 ?如何克服這些阻力 ? ? 3．何謂組織文化 ?組織文化有何特征 ? ? 4．如何塑造企業(yè)文化 ? 作業(yè)三 組織 ?影響管理幅度設計的主要因素 ? ? 點和局限性 ? ?如何克服這些阻力 ? 演講完畢，謝謝觀看！ 。s these things that can be witnessed in the psychological symptoms can be seen as increased tension and anxiety,boredom,and procrastinationall of which can lead to productivity decreases. ? So too , can the behaviorrelated symptoms shanges in eating habits,increased smoking or substance consumption ,rapid speech,or sleep disorders. ? can stress be reduced? ? Reducing stress is one thing that presents a dilemma for stress in anizations is absolutely necessary. Without it ,people have no energy. ? One of the first means of reducing stress is to make sure that employees are properly matched to their jobs,and that they understand the extent of their authority. Furthermore,by letting employees know precisely what is expected of them,role conflict and ambiguity can be jobs can also help ease work overloadrelated stressors. Employees should also have some input in those things that affect involvement and participation have been found to help lessen stress. ? Many panies have started employee assistance and wellness programs. These employersponsored programs are designed to assist employees in areas like financial planning , legal matters, health, fitness, stress, and the like—where they are having difficulties. ? Employee assistance programs(EAPs): ? Programs offered by anizations to help their employees overe personal and healthrelated problems. ? Contemporary employee assistance programs are extensions