20xx年醫(yī)學(xué)專題—哈醫(yī)大精品課程營養(yǎng)與食品衛(wèi)生學(xué)第一章營養(yǎng)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)(完整版)
【正文】 ructose（果糖(guǒt225。nɡ)）,Lactose: Consist of one glucose molecule and one galactose (半乳糖） molecule.,第十三頁，共六十二頁。ng)，乳糖？,麥芽糖2個葡萄糖 蔗糖(zh232。nfěn)）, glycogen（糖原） and most fibers（纖維）.,第十八頁，共六十二頁。n)形式）,Excellent food sources of starch include?,grains (wheat, rice, corn, oats, and barley), legumes (peas, beans, and lentils), and tubers (potatoes and yams).,第二十頁，共六十二頁。,第二十二頁，共六十二頁。,Based on the water soluble ability, fiber can be classified into soluble fibers and insoluble fibers. Insoluble fibers（不溶性纖維(xiānw233。)糞便排出 Helps prevent constipation and other intestinal problems by keeping our stools moist and soft.,Functions of dietary fiber,Dietary fiber increases faecal bulk through water binding by fiber. Fiber gives gut muscles“something to push” and makes it easier to eliminate stools.,第二十八頁，共六十二頁。)及吸收,We have learned many forms of CHOs containing in our foods, which one is the form of energy used by our bodies?,The primary goal of CHO digestion is to break down polysaccharides and disaccharides into monosaccharides that can be converted to glucose.,第三十二頁，共六十二頁。t225。,Once into the large intestine, bacteria break down some undigested carbohydrates, causing the production of gas and a few fatty acids（產(chǎn)酸、產(chǎn)氣）.,Digestion of carbohydrates in foods (In the large intestine),The cells of the large intestine use these fatty acids for energy. The fiber remaining in the colon adds bulk to our stools and is excreted in feces.,第四十二頁，共六十二頁。i)和膳食中的蛋白質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)變?yōu)槠咸烟?,糖異生(gluconeogenesis),Gluconeogenesis: The generation of glucose from the breakdown of protein into amino acids.,第四十六頁，共六十二頁。n) 5.改變食物的色、香、味、型 6.提供膳食纖維,Functions of carbohydrates,第五十頁，共六十二頁。,Glucose in blood enters cells,Insulin stimulates glucose transport into cell,Insulin secreted by pancreas enters bloodstream,Tissue cell membrane,When blood glucose is high……,第五十三頁，共六十二頁。ng)指數(shù)（Glycemic index，GI）,定義：50g含碳水化合物的食物血糖應(yīng)答曲線下面積與同一個體攝入50g 碳水化合物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)食物（葡萄糖或面包）血糖應(yīng)答曲線下面積之比。,Lactose intolerance: A disorder in which the body does not produce sufficient lactase enzyme（乳糖酶）and therefore cannot digest foods that contain lactose, such as cow’s milk.,乳糖(rǔ t225。)參考攝入量 Dietary reference intakes,中國營養(yǎng)學(xué)會推薦我國居民的碳水化合物的膳食(sh224。,內(nèi)容(n232。六、膳食參考攝入量 Dietary reference intakes,第六十二頁，共六十二頁。ng)總結(jié),第一章 營養(yǎng)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)。)推薦攝入量占總能量的55%～65%。nɡ lu225。 高GI食物能使血糖突然升高。,Normally, insulin and glucagon balance each other to maintain blood glucose within a healthy range.,If this balance is altered, it can lead to health conditions such as diabetes（糖尿病） or hypoglycemia（低血糖癥(dī xu232。 t225。,3.抗生酮作用(zu242。,四、碳水化合物的功能(gōngn233。nɡ),第三十七頁，共六十二頁。n tou)）, notice that yo
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