20xx年醫(yī)學(xué)專題—哈醫(yī)大精品課程營養(yǎng)與食品衛(wèi)生學(xué)第一章營養(yǎng)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)-預(yù)覽頁
【正文】 共六十二頁。 膳食纖維包括部分非淀粉多糖（纖維素、半纖維素、木質(zhì)素、果膠等）、抗性淀粉、葡聚糖以及部分低聚糖等。,(2) 控制體重(tǐzh242。,(4) 降低(ji224。,Digestion of carbohydrates in foods (In the mouth),CHO digestion begins in the mouth.,Question: When you eat steamed bread（饅頭(m225。,In the stomach, all digestion of CHOs ceases.,Digestion of carbohydrates in foods (In the stomach),Because the acid in the stomach inactivates most of the salivary amylase enzyme.,Would you guess the reasons?,第三十五頁，共六十二頁。ng),乳糖(rǔ t225。,Liver glycogen：maintains blood glucose levels, provide the needs of our cells, including those of our brain, spinal cord and red blood cell. In addition, It provide energy to the muscles during intense exercise（劇烈運(yùn)動(dòng)）.,第四十頁，共六十二頁。,Summary,第四十三頁，共六十二頁。 other nervous tissues primarily rely on glucose.,第四十四頁，共六十二頁。,When our body uses proteins for energy, the amino acids from these proteins cannot be used to make new cells, repair tissue damage, support our immune system, or perform any of their other functions.,Using amino acids in this manner over a prolonged period of time can cause serious, possibly irreversible, damage to these organs.,第四十七頁，共六十二頁。,Thus, when carbohydrate intake is inadequate, our body seeks an alternative source of fuel for the brain and begins to break down stored fat. acetylCoA is the metabolites of fatty acid oxidation. If inadequate carbohydrate intake continues for an extended period of time, excess acetylCoA can be converted to ketones. The high acidity of the blood interferes with basic body functions, causes the loss of lean body mass, and damages many body tissues.,Where do ketones come from?,第四十九頁，共六十二頁。,五、碳水化合物代謝相關(guān)(xiāngguān)疾病,糖尿病 低血糖癥(dī xu232。,Glucose molecules are too large to cross the cell membranes of our tissues independently.,To get in, glucose needs assistance from the hormone insulin.,血糖的調(diào)節(jié)(ti225。,Glucagon secreted by pancreas enters bloodstream,Glucagon stimulates glycogen breakdown,Glucose is secreted into bloodstream and transported to cells,Liver cell membrane,When blood glucose is low……,胰高血糖素,第五十四頁，共六十二頁。nɡ)）.,第五十五頁，共六十二頁。 血糖指數(shù)是食物升高血糖潛力的一個(gè)參考指標(biāo)(zhǐbiāo)，反應(yīng)了食物對(duì)血糖的影響程度。t225。nɡ)不耐癥（Lactose intolerance）,主要癥狀：胃腸不適、脹氣、痙攣(j236。,It is estimated that up to 70% of the world’s adult population suffer this disorder. Not everyone experiences lactose intolerance to the same extent (small amounts, not tolerant any),Lactose intolerance,Lactose intolerance should not be confused with a milk allergy. People who are allergic to milk experience an immune reaction to the proteins found in cow’s milk.,第五十九頁，共六十二頁。nsh237。),碳水化合物的分類及功能 膳食(sh224。ir243。四、碳水化合物的功能(gōngn233
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