【正文】
e whole process of cooking in strict accordance with the scientific use of recipes is an excellent proof of are always holding a cookbook to buy food produced dishes, but the parison, is still a very mechanical thing, and this has led to Western, a drawbackthe lack of people are in different places when you want to taste the local cuisine is definitely not some people choose to like Kentucky Fried Chicken or McDonald39。因此,研究不同文化之間的差異,研究正 確的跨文化交際行為已成為不可忽視的問題。對門為上,兩邊為偏座。2.餐桌舉止在中國文化傳統(tǒng)中,人們在出席各種正式的會 餐時也是比較講究的,但是在現(xiàn)代風(fēng)俗變遷和發(fā)展 中,有進(jìn)步的一面,也有落后的一面,有對傳統(tǒng)的 繼承,也有對傳統(tǒng)文化習(xí)俗的違背。我們在大街上隨處可見法式大餐、肯德基等西 方的舶來飲食,而中國菜館也開遍了全世界。而這種“和合”的思想體現(xiàn)在烹飪上就反 映為“五味調(diào)和”。而在西方,一道菜在不同的地區(qū)不同 的季節(jié)面對不同的食者,都毫無變化。當(dāng)人們身處異地 想品嘗當(dāng)?shù)孛朗硶r,肯定是不會有人選擇肯德基或 麥當(dāng)勞之類食品的。雖然現(xiàn)在的中國人也講究營養(yǎng)保健,也知道蔬菜爆炒加熱后會丟失一部分維生素,生吃 則避免丟失,可還是寧愿選擇前者,因為習(xí)慣使然,更是因為味道確實好多了。由于地區(qū)差異,不同的民 族、國家形成了不同的文化。西方飲食是一種理性觀念,不論食物 的色、香、味、形如何,營養(yǎng)一定要得到保證,西 方烹調(diào)講究營養(yǎng)而忽視味道。3.西方烹調(diào)遵循的是規(guī)范與科學(xué) 西方人強(qiáng)調(diào)科學(xué)與營養(yǎng),因此烹調(diào)的全過程都 嚴(yán)格按照科學(xué)規(guī)范行事。而且中國烹調(diào)中,不僅講究各大菜系要 有各自的風(fēng)味與特色,即使是同一菜系的同一個 菜,所用的配菜與各種調(diào)料的匹配,也會依廚師的 個人愛好特點(diǎn)有變化。西方流行的自助餐 形式更是各吃各的,缺少中國人聊歡共樂的情調(diào)??傊?,中西飲食在諸多方面存在著各式各樣的 差異,當(dāng)然,這些差異都具有相對性,幾千年來的 東西方文化的交流也促成中西方的飲食文化的不斷 融合。西 方人平日好動,但一坐到餐桌上便專心致志地去靜 靜切割自家的盤中餐。想必這就是文化遷移和發(fā)展的不完 全性、不徹底性的表現(xiàn),我們有必要在正確理解和 認(rèn)識文化現(xiàn)象的基礎(chǔ)上,不斷推動人文文化的發(fā)展,提高民族人文素質(zhì)。通過中西方飲食文化差異以及中西方餐桌禮儀 的比較,不僅僅反映了各地的文化傳統(tǒng),還折射出 不同民族心理、價值觀與道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、社會關(guān)系、社 會禮儀和社會風(fēng)俗等方面,即西方文化主張個人榮 譽(yù)、自我中心、創(chuàng)新精神和個性自由,而中國文化 主張謙虛謹(jǐn)慎、無私奉獻(xiàn)、中庸之道和團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作; 西方人平等意識較強(qiáng)、家庭結(jié)構(gòu)簡單;而中國人等 級觀念較強(qiáng),家庭結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜,傳統(tǒng)的幸福家庭多為四代同堂等。table manners。s Westerners, especially Americans do not like smoking or drinking, and many people do not like people smoking in their residence China today, many people both smoke and drink, there is aKinds ofsocial strange phenomenon seems to be “nonsmokers do not drink” to the , on the table in China, there is still smoke, stinking, “bad habits”, even though they know that this style of injury, but still can not ban this is the culture of migration and development, inplete, inplete nature of the performance, we need a correct understanding and appreciation of cultural phenomena, based on, and constantly promote human and cultural development, and enhancing the national human sort Chinese and Western people are fastidious about the activities of a formal dinner arrangements for Zuo people traditionally used square is on both sides for the side a party, the elderly, guest of honor, or highstatus people sit seat, the owner or Peike men and women who sit down and blocks the rest of the guests in order to sit side host a party with a long table, men and women to sit at both ends of the master points, and then guest of honor at the press of men and women and the general order of the guests seating the table of rules, Westerners eat with knife and fork, the Chinese use course, the usage of knives and forks and chopsticks have their own the cultural differences between Chinese and Western food as well as the parison of Chinese and Western table manners, not only reflects the cultural traditions from around, but also reflects different national psychology, values and moral standards, sociology, social etiquette and social customs, etc., that is, Western culture, ideas personal honor, selfcentered, innovative spirit and individual freedom, while the Chinese culture advocates modest, selfless dedication, moderation and unity and coordination。有時餐巾中包有一只小面包;如果是那樣的話就把它取也,放在旁邊的小碟上。(5)在女主人拿起她的匙子或叉子以前,客人不得食用任何一道菜。赴會時稍遲是可以接受的,但若超過15分鐘便會給對方不重視約會的壞印象。遇到豆類或飯一類的配菜,可以左手握叉平放碟上,叉尖向上,再以刀子將豆類或飯輕撥到叉子上便可。不少人在吃西餐時,都會擔(dān)心“失禮”。千萬別將餐巾別在領(lǐng)上或背心上,也不要在手中亂揉。她不會像中國習(xí)慣那樣,請你先吃。如果吃到一半想放下刀叉略作休息,應(yīng)把刀叉以八字形狀擺在盤子中央。大致說來,他們有以下八種宴請形式:有席位的宴請(seated dinners),自助餐(buffet dinners),正式午餐(luncheons),招待會(receptions),雞尾酒會(cocktail parties),聚餐會(BYOB and BYOF=Bring your own bottles and bring your own food),野餐(piics),茶會(tea parties)。其次,中西在宴客的觀念上有較大的差異。由于這一點(diǎn),英語國家的飲食文化,尤其在烹飪方面不但遜色于中國,也遠(yuǎn)不如法意等國。所以,中國人餐桌上的鬧與西方餐桌上的靜反映出了中西飲食文化上的根本差異。上述材料來自***4130889/ 另外—— 用餐俗例在飯食方式方面,中國人與西方人有點(diǎn)不同,西方人喜歡各自品嘗放在自己面前的食物,中國人則有一定的用飯規(guī)例,他們喜歡叫數(shù)碟佳肴,放在飯桌的中央位置,各人有一碗飯共同配這數(shù)碟菜肴,飯吃完可再添;夾起的菜肴通常要先放在自己的飯碗中,直接把菜肴放入口是不禮貌的;依照慣例,客人出席正式或傳統(tǒng)的晚餐,是不會吃光桌上的菜肴,以免令主人家誤以為菜肴預(yù)備不足,因而感到尷尬。The right side is a group of chopsticks and spoon, and put their seat formal occasions, can appear the napkin, mainly on the ancient and modern table mannersDining etiquette problems has a long is documented that at least in the zhou dynasty, diet etiquette has developed a quite perfect system, especially the served the Confucius praised the JiJiu lu esteem and bee a performance of different dynasties country look, and formal state of civilization, the important the han nationality traditional ancient feasts etiquette, had a program: master fold in Cambodia, wele to temporary at the door guests arrived, greeted each other, the introduction of the sitting room, and small sit with guest39。t take more food than you table ,you should try to speak quietly and smile a lot,but donot laugh all the Westerners like soft drink if they will drive of them drink white or red wine with the drinking to someone39。當(dāng)你看到兩個勺子,這個大的id為suop和一個小點(diǎn)心。先發(fā)投手后你會得到一個碗soupbut伯爾湯,只有一個從來不索要場服務(wù)。當(dāng)祝某人健康時,你舉起g隨著西方文化大量涌入中國,中國傳統(tǒng)禮儀也不斷受到西方禮儀文化 的沖擊,保護(hù)中國傳統(tǒng)禮儀,并與西方禮儀進(jìn)行有效地融合,更有利于 我們和西方各國的跨文化交際。通常,距離主桌越近,桌次越高。⑤如果主賓身份高于主人,為表示尊重,可以安排在主人位子上坐,主人則坐在主賓的位置上。如果客人中沒有主賓,女主人可把客人中年齡最 大的女士安排在男主人右邊。二、餐具的使用禮儀中餐餐具的擺放和使用方法(1)筷子。勺子主要是用來喝湯的,有時也可以用來取形狀比較小 的菜。(4)水杯。剔牙時,應(yīng)用另一只手掩住口部,剔出來的東西,不要當(dāng) 眾欣賞或再次入口,也不要隨手亂彈,隨口亂吐。一般用右手拿湯匙和杯子,用餐具把食物送到嘴。西餐餐具的擺放和使用方法(1)餐具擺放和取用原則。不要用它來盛酒,也不要倒扣水杯。用勺子取食物后,要立即食用或放在自己的碟子里,如果取用的食物太燙,可以先放到自己的碗里等涼了再吃,千萬不要用嘴去吹,也不 要把勺子塞進(jìn)嘴里,或反復(fù)吮吸。在使用當(dāng)中,用餐前筷子一 定要整齊的放在飯碗的右側(cè),用餐后一定要整齊的豎向放在飯碗的正 中。如果是男女二人進(jìn)餐,男士應(yīng)請女士坐在自己的右邊,還要注意不可讓 她坐在人來人往的過道邊。中坐為尊。每張餐桌上排列位次的基本方法有以下五點(diǎn): ①主人大都應(yīng)面對 正門而坐,并在主桌就坐。在中餐宴請活動中,往往采用圓桌?!娟P(guān)鍵詞】 餐桌禮儀。許多西方人認(rèn)為雞胸肉有著柔軟白色的最好部分的鳥。當(dāng)你坐在桌子上,你可以把你的餐巾,打開它,把它放在你的大腿上。re not sure what to do ,you can always follow your good manners always make you look good,you do not need to worry about all these rules while having dinner with your friends or family.s first two seats, first for three seats, two under a bridge for four guests were seated by the master, toast and dishes for with th