【正文】 比較，不僅僅反映了各地的文化傳統(tǒng)，還折射出 不同民族心理、價(jià)值觀與道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、社會(huì)關(guān)系、社 會(huì)禮儀和社會(huì)風(fēng)俗等方面，即西方文化主張個(gè)人榮 譽(yù)、自我中心、創(chuàng)新精神和個(gè)性自由，而中國(guó)文化 主張謙虛謹(jǐn)慎、無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)、中庸之道和團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作； 西方人平等意識(shí)較強(qiáng)、家庭結(jié)構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單；而中國(guó)人等 級(jí)觀念較強(qiáng)，家庭結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，傳統(tǒng)的幸福家庭多為四代同堂等。在對(duì) 比研究過(guò)程中，各自的優(yōu)、缺點(diǎn)顯而易見(jiàn)。table manners。s addition, the standardized cooking even called the exact ingredients, spices to add precision to the grams, cooking time, accurate to the standardization of Western dishes produced so there is no that Westerners can not understand is that the Chinese cook not only the pursuit of accurate standardized, but respected China39。s Westerners, especially Americans do not like smoking or drinking, and many people do not like people smoking in their residence China today, many people both smoke and drink, there is aKinds ofsocial strange phenomenon seems to be “nonsmokers do not drink” to the , on the table in China, there is still smoke, stinking, “bad habits”, even though they know that this style of injury, but still can not ban this is the culture of migration and development, inplete, inplete nature of the performance, we need a correct understanding and appreciation of cultural phenomena, based on, and constantly promote human and cultural development, and enhancing the national human sort Chinese and Western people are fastidious about the activities of a formal dinner arrangements for Zuo people traditionally used square is on both sides for the side a party, the elderly, guest of honor, or highstatus people sit seat, the owner or Peike men and women who sit down and blocks the rest of the guests in order to sit side host a party with a long table, men and women to sit at both ends of the master points, and then guest of honor at the press of men and women and the general order of the guests seating the table of rules, Westerners eat with knife and fork, the Chinese use course, the usage of knives and forks and chopsticks have their own the cultural differences between Chinese and Western food as well as the parison of Chinese and Western table manners, not only reflects the cultural traditions from around, but also reflects different national psychology, values and moral standards, sociology, social etiquette and social customs, etc., that is, Western culture, ideas personal honor, selfcentered, innovative spirit and individual freedom, while the Chinese culture advocates modest, selfless dedication, moderation and unity and coordination。謹(jǐn)記“整齊、清潔和保持安靜”三項(xiàng)原則便可無(wú)往而不利。有時(shí)餐巾中包有一只小面包；如果是那樣的話(huà)就把它取也，放在旁邊的小碟上。千萬(wàn)別用它來(lái)擦刀叉或碗碟。（5）在女主人拿起她的匙子或叉子以前，客人不得食用任何一道菜。（6）如果有魚(yú)這道菜的話(huà)，它多半在湯以后送上，桌上可能有魚(yú)的一把專(zhuān)用叉子，它也可能與吃肉的叉子相似，通常要小一些，總之，魚(yú)叉放在肉叉的外側(cè)離盤(pán)較遠(yuǎn)的一側(cè)。赴會(huì)時(shí)稍遲是可以接受的，但若超過(guò)15分鐘便會(huì)給對(duì)方不重視約會(huì)的壞印象。吃肉類(lèi)時(shí)(如牛扒)應(yīng)從角落開(kāi)始切，吃完一塊再切下一塊。遇到豆類(lèi)或飯一類(lèi)的配菜，可以左手握叉平放碟上，叉尖向上，再以刀子將豆類(lèi)或飯輕撥到叉子上便可。進(jìn)食時(shí)身體可略向前靠，兩臂應(yīng)緊貼身體，以免撞到隔壁。不少人在吃西餐時(shí)，都會(huì)擔(dān)心“失禮”。因此進(jìn)餐時(shí)，應(yīng)該盡可能地少一些聲響，少一些動(dòng)作。千萬(wàn)別將餐巾別在領(lǐng)上或背心上，也不要在手中亂揉。在你座前最大的一把匙就是湯匙，它就在你的右邊的盤(pán)子旁邊。她不會(huì)像中國(guó)習(xí)慣那樣，請(qǐng)你先吃。（8）如果嘴里有了一根刺，就應(yīng)悄悄地，盡可能不引起注意地用手指將它取出，放在盤(pán)子邊沿上，別放在桌上，或扔在地下。如果吃到一半想放下刀叉略作休息，應(yīng)把刀叉以八字形狀擺在盤(pán)子中央。（五）手機(jī)：在吃西餐的時(shí)候基本上都不會(huì)開(kāi)手機(jī)，除非你有非常重要的事情，而手機(jī)鈴聲都會(huì)很小聲，有電話(huà)要給大家說(shuō)“對(duì)不起”，然后起身出去聽(tīng)電話(huà)。大致說(shuō)來(lái)，他們有以下八種宴請(qǐng)形式：有席位的宴請(qǐng)（seated dinners），自助餐（buffet dinners），正式午餐（luncheons），招待會(huì)（receptions），雞尾酒會(huì)（cocktail parties），聚餐會(huì)（BYOB and BYOF=Bring your own bottles and bring your own food），野餐（piics），茶會(huì)（tea parties）。排場(chǎng)之大，氣氛之熱鬧常常令人嘆為觀止。其次，中西在宴客的觀念上有較大的差異。否則，很難稱(chēng)的上是在請(qǐng)客。由于這一點(diǎn)，英語(yǔ)國(guó)家的飲食文化，尤其在烹飪方面不但遜色于中國(guó)，也遠(yuǎn)不如法意等國(guó)?？偟膩?lái)說(shuō)是西方餐桌上靜，中國(guó)餐桌上動(dòng)。所以，中國(guó)人餐桌上的鬧與西方餐桌上的靜反映出了中西飲食文化上的根本差異。通過(guò)中西餐桌禮儀的比較，不僅僅反映了各地的文化傳統(tǒng)，還折射出不同民族心理、價(jià)值觀與道德標(biāo)準(zhǔn)、社會(huì)關(guān)系、社會(huì)禮儀和社會(huì)風(fēng)俗等方面，即西方文化主張個(gè)人榮譽(yù)、自我中心、創(chuàng)新 精神和個(gè)性自由，而中國(guó)文化主張謙虛謹(jǐn)慎、無(wú)私奉獻(xiàn)、中庸之道和團(tuán)結(jié)協(xié)作；西方人平等意識(shí)較強(qiáng)、家庭結(jié) 構(gòu)簡(jiǎn)單，由父母以及未成年子女組成核心家庭；而中國(guó)人等級(jí)觀念較強(qiáng)，家庭結(jié)構(gòu)較復(fù)雜，傳統(tǒng)的幸福家庭多 為四代同堂等。上述材料來(lái)自***4130889/ 另外—— 用餐俗例在飯食方式方面，中國(guó)人與西方人有點(diǎn)不同，西方人喜歡各自品嘗放在自己面前的食物，中國(guó)人則有一定的用飯規(guī)例，他們喜歡叫數(shù)碟佳肴，放在飯桌的中央位置，各人有一碗飯共同配這數(shù)碟菜肴，飯吃完可再添；夾起的菜肴通常要先放在自己的飯碗中，直接把菜肴放入口是不禮貌的；依照慣例，客人出席正式或傳統(tǒng)的晚餐，是不會(huì)吃光桌上的菜肴，以免令主人家誤以為菜肴預(yù)備不足，因而感到尷尬。由於中國(guó)人喜歡全體共享菜肴，他們的餐桌大多數(shù)是圓形或方形，而不是西方人多用的長(zhǎng)形餐桌。The right side is a group of chopsticks and spoon, and put their seat formal occasions, can appear the napkin, mainly on the ancient and modern table mannersDining etiquette problems has a long is documented that at least in the zhou dynasty, diet etiquette has developed a quite perfect system, especially the served the Confucius praised the JiJiu lu esteem and bee a performance of different dynasties country look, and formal state of civilization, the important the han nationality traditional ancient feasts etiquette, had a program: master fold in Cambodia, wele to temporary at the door guests arrived, greeted each other, the introduction of the sitting room, and small sit with guest39。The right side is a group of chopsticks and spoon, and put their seat formal occasions, can appear the napkin, mainly on the formal banquet on how to eat, the dishes like the slide show, every time a , rice is not with the dishes again, but can choose to eat the dishes have distinguishing feature each, individual taste, and should be a time from a bowl to have a mixed taste, is not use, can use to eat dish and shells class on individual 39。t take more food than you table ,you should try to speak quietly and smile a lot,but donot laugh all the Westerners like soft drink if they will drive of them drink white or red wine with the drinking to someone39。知道他們將幫助您做出一個(gè)好的印象。當(dāng)你看到兩個(gè)勺子,這個(gè)大的id為suop和一個(gè)小點(diǎn)心。晚餐開(kāi)始用一個(gè)小碟子,常常叫做“曲。先發(fā)投手后你會(huì)得到一個(gè)碗soupbut伯爾湯,只有一個(gè)從來(lái)不索要場(chǎng)服務(wù)。這是禮貌的一切在你的盤(pán)子里吃完,所以不要把更多的食物比你需要的多。當(dāng)祝某人健康時(shí),你舉起g我國(guó)的飲食文化源遠(yuǎn)流長(zhǎng),博大精深,據(jù)文獻(xiàn)記 載:至少在周代,飲食禮儀已形成了一套相當(dāng)完善的制度。隨著西方文化大量涌入中國(guó),中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)禮儀也不斷受到西方禮儀文化 的沖擊,保護(hù)中國(guó)傳統(tǒng)禮儀,并與西方禮儀進(jìn)行有效地融合,更有利于 我們和西方各國(guó)的跨文化交際。由兩桌組成的小型宴請(qǐng)通常是兩桌橫排或兩桌豎排的形式。通常,距離主桌越近,桌次越高。②舉行多桌宴請(qǐng)時(shí),每桌都要有一位主桌主人的代表在座。⑤如果主賓身份高于主人,為表示尊重,可以安排在主人位子上坐,主人則坐在主賓的位置上。靈活安排。如果客人中沒(méi)有主賓,女主人可把客人中年齡最 大的女士安排在男主人右邊。如果是兩對(duì)夫妻就餐,夫人們應(yīng)坐在靠墻的位置上, 先生們則坐在各自夫人的對(duì)面。二、餐具的使用禮儀中餐餐具的擺放和使用方法(1)筷子。和人交談時(shí),要暫時(shí)放 下筷子。勺子主要是用來(lái)喝湯的,有時(shí)也可以用來(lái)取形狀比較小 的菜。盤(pán)子主要用來(lái)盛食物的,根據(jù)所盛食物的多少和形狀不 同而大小形狀各異。(4)水杯。(5)餐巾。剔牙時(shí),應(yīng)用另一只手掩住口部,剔出來(lái)的東西,不要當(dāng) 眾欣賞或再次入口,也不要隨手亂彈,隨口亂吐。酒杯的數(shù)量與酒的種類(lèi)相等,擺法是從左到右,依次擺烈性酒杯,葡萄 酒杯,香檳酒杯,啤酒杯。一般用右手拿湯匙和杯子,用餐具把食物送到嘴。餐具的取用應(yīng)由外而內(nèi),切用時(shí)可以使用法式方式,即左手拿叉右 手拿刀,邊切邊用。西餐餐具的擺放和使用方法(1)餐具擺放和取用原則。有時(shí)候,在 正式宴會(huì)結(jié)束前,會(huì)上一塊濕毛巾,它是用來(lái)擦嘴的,不能擦臉、抹汗。不要用它來(lái)盛酒,也不要倒扣水杯。用食碟時(shí),一次不