【正文】 of materials. This can be achieved by dint of wide implementation of nonwaste technologies, plex usage of raw materials and secondary(recycled) resources in bined industry. Another important aspect of the subject problem is ensuring of ecological safety of plants where the food products are produced as well as elimination of the influence of the wastes upon the environment. One of the most important problems which the food industry enterprises face is the problem of wastewater treatment. In Ukraine, foodproducing enterprises are mostly located in the West and the SouthWest which have a rich work of water bodies. This means that control over discharge of sewage water is to be exercised more strictly than usual and foodproducing panies in these regions are to be prevented from polluting the water reservoirs. 食品 企業(yè) 是對(duì)資源要求最高的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)之一 ， 因此確保原材料的合理使用顯得尤為重要。今年向日葵的年產(chǎn)量達(dá) 400萬(wàn)多噸。這樣產(chǎn)生的脂肪必須用溶劑清洗然后精煉濃縮。 Most of Ukrainian oilproducing enterprises do not provide for purification of industrial wastewaters, dumping thousands of tonnes of polluting substances into the water bodies. The purification facilities which exist in some places were constructed a long time ago and had been designed with regard to the requirements of domestic wastewater purification. Such facilities, at best, partially decrease the value of general BOD (biological oxygen demand) or simply let the wastewater flow through。 對(duì) 于許多企業(yè)， 污水凈化成為一個(gè)嚴(yán)峻的問(wèn)題 。 企業(yè)出于 經(jīng)濟(jì)問(wèn)題 的考慮 不會(huì)中和 排放的氫氧化鈉，雖然水體會(huì)造成更嚴(yán)重的污染，但是氫氧化鈉是必須的。 4 Suspended substances mg/dm179。 3 磷酸鹽 mg/dm179。 incubation of the sample lasting a certain period of time (5 days) at t176。 色譜分析法 在下列 溶液 中 : Direction 1: chloroform: methanol: 25 % aqueous solution of ammonium in the following proportions: 65252. Direction 2: chloroform: methanol: acetic acid: water。在通過(guò) F2溶劑后，將感光片再次移開(kāi)、風(fēng)干。 6,7 lysophosphatidylcholine。 7 溶血卵磷脂 。由于上述的過(guò)程中 PH值達(dá)到 ，所以將 50毫升水中。 具有很多 特別的 優(yōu)點(diǎn) ： — it can easily be conducted and its reactant supply is not expensive。同時(shí)，觀察混合表面產(chǎn)生的 鱗片 。這證實(shí)了該技術(shù) 的有效性除去有機(jī)污染物。 。然而，絕對(duì)重要的是這樣 凈化 的 成本 ， 特別是考慮到國(guó)民經(jīng)濟(jì)的現(xiàn)狀。 當(dāng)次添加氯酸鈉到預(yù)先用碳酸鈣中和的水 中， PH到達(dá) 所 需要的中性值。 — the reactant expenditure is not substantial。實(shí)驗(yàn)研究的主要目的 是確定 氧化劑的數(shù)量， 一方面保證氧化劑能清潔水中有機(jī)污染物，另一方面預(yù)防氧化劑過(guò)量。 10 溶血磷脂纖維醇 。 10 lysophosphatidylinositol。 磷脂顯示著各種 黃色的色譜圖。 方法 2： 氯仿 ： 甲醇 ： 醋酸 ： 水 ； 比例 :8515103。1176。 15 5 干殘?jiān)? mg/dm179。 200 6 Synthetic surface active mg/dm179。 Experimental part 實(shí)驗(yàn)部分 In order to design a method for purification of the aforementioned wastewaters, we have conducted a series of experimental investigation. A quality assessment (in terms of content of polluting substances) of cooking oilproduction wastewater was made using physical and chemical methods of analysis. A degree of pollution of wastewater was determined in terms of the following indicators (Table 1). 為了設(shè)計(jì)出一種凈化 上述 污水 的方法，我們已經(jīng)進(jìn)行了一系列的實(shí) 驗(yàn)研究。 As basis of our study, we have chosen the wastewaters dumped by those Ukrainian vegetable oil producing enterprises whose purification facilities are all but unused due to their technical deficiency. As a result of this, the polluted wastewaters, which do not correspond to the requirements of the Law of Ukraine ―About protection of environment‖ and ―Regulations for Protection of Surface Waters from Wastewater Pollution‖, are dumped into open water bodies. As of today, the main problem of such facilities is the vast amount of wastewaters which are discharged in the process of production. These wastewaters flowing from extraction and refinement workshops are heavily polluted with organic substances (neutral fats, phospholipids, organic acids etc), both in dissolved condition and in the form of suspended solids and emulsion. It is not possible to dump such wastewaters into open water bodies without prior purification. The enterprise regarded it as economically unsound to neutralise discharges using sodium hydroxide because a lot of sodium hydroxide is needed while the water body would get even more polluted. Wastewaters are characterised by high degree of turbidity (dimness)。 therefore the purification facilities which are currently in operation are unable to clean them in pliance with sanitary requirements. A significant ecological danger es from the pollution of surface waters with organic substances which the wastewaters flowing from cooking oilproducing facilities contain. These substances, when dumped into water bodies, prompt t