【正文】 osing in these facilities and bees even more poisonous when dumped into water bodies. Such industrial wastewaters are mostly polluted, especially with organic substances。 這些工業(yè) 污水 大多受到污染 ，特別是有機物的污染；當前的凈化設備不能達到衛(wèi)生要求。 The purpose of the present study is to assess the condition of wastewaters pertaining to the production of cooking oil and to develop an effective and lowcost method for purification of wastewaters and utilisation of other oil productionrelated wastes which would ply with environmental safety requirements. 本研究的目的是評估 食用油工業(yè)產(chǎn)生的 污水 情況和開發(fā)一種高效、低成本的方法來利用市面上其他油類 污水 ，并且達到 環(huán)保安全要求 。 從今天開始 ， 主要問題是這些設備在生產(chǎn)過程中大量排放的污水。 污水特色是高度的渾濁 (渾濁 )；外表類似懸浮液搖動后 的 乳濁液 ，以微小的鱗片 形式存在，并有腐敗過程產(chǎn)生的難聞的腐臭氣味。 Table 1. Quality indicators of wastewaters from the examined oilproducing facilities 表 1 從含 油 污水 設備 中檢查出的質(zhì)量指標 No. Wastewater indicator quality Measuring unit Values(de facto) Values(normal) 1 Iron (general) mg/dm179。 15 5 Dry residue mg/dm179。 15 9 pH value mg/dm179。 4 懸浮物 mg/dm179。 8 BOD5 氧 mg/dm179。 = 20177。 turbidity of the water sample was determined using the photometric method of analysis (turbidimetric method). 為了確定 BOD5, 制作經(jīng)檢測水樣的中和液 ，然后倒入一種特別的準備好的、含飽和氧、含有機物的水；保持水樣一段時間（ 5 天）恒溫 20177。 proportions: 8515103. 方法 1： 氯仿 ： 甲醇 ： 25%的硝酸銨水溶液 ：比例 :65252。 經(jīng)過干燥 ， 感光片 插入到裝滿方法 1溶液的色譜 儀內(nèi)。 然后 放入碘蒸汽 中 15分鐘顯影。 3 phosphatidylglycerol。 8 sphingomyelins 9 phosphatidylserine。 3 磷脂酰丙三醇 。 8 鞘磷脂 9 磷脂酰絲氨酸 。水凈化工藝 使用混凝劑將膠體和懸浮物進行初步分離，然后將分離結(jié)果進行過濾、沉淀或浮選。 On the examination stage of wastewater purification from organic fraction we have proposed the usage of oxidants, specifically hydrogen peroxide H2O2, oxygen O2, ozone O3, and sodium hypochlorite which is a multitonnage production waste. The subject experimental investigations aim to determine the quantities of oxidant expenditure which are sufficient for plete cleaning of wastewaters from organic polluters on the one hand and to prevent overexpenditure of oxidants, on the other hand. In order to achieve this aim, a series of studies was conducted, the target of which was purification of wastewaters with different amounts of oxidants injected into them. The criteria of purification effectiveness are the actual water quality indicators. 在研究 有機 污水 凈化階段中，我們提出了使用氧化劑 ，特別是 過氧化氫 H2O氧氣 O2 、臭氧 O3和大量產(chǎn)品廢物 次氯酸鈉。 The conducted studies have shown that among all the oxidants which were used, the most effective one is sodium hypochlorite. Therefore, the basis of the proposed method for purification of wastewaters was a preliminary separation of clarified and neutralized wastewater by dint of calcium carbonate, subsequently sodium hypochlorite for water clarification and its additional neutralization was used. This is the most simple and technologically feasible method. It has several advantages, specifically: 進行的研究表明 ， 在所有的氧化劑 的 使用 中 最有效的一種是次氯酸鈉。 — the reactant (sodium hypochlorite) is available in Kalush town where it is produced as a byproduct of the production process。 — wastes can be used as an effective organic and mineral fertiliser. 它可以很容易的進行 而且 反應物 便宜 ； 反應物 (次氯酸鈉 )是可在 卡盧什 小鎮(zhèn)作為 生產(chǎn)過程中產(chǎn)生的 副產(chǎn)品 ； 反應物開支不 大； 加工廢物的數(shù)量也不大（ 只有氧化 廢物 、 已 消毒 的 有機污染 物產(chǎn)生 ）； 可以 用 來在提高現(xiàn)有凈化設備 ； 垃圾可以作為一種有效的有機 、 礦物肥料。 鱗片隨后沉到底部。 觀察 磷脂沉淀 主要 是用的色譜分析方法 。 Conclusions We can see that, as of the present day, the existing technologies for wastewater purification enable us to remove any polluter out of them. However, thereby it is also crucially important to consider the cost of such purification, especially taking into account the present condition of national economy. That is why we have chosen the subject purification method not only with regard to the efficiency of wastewater purification with which it is characterised but also with regard to its cheapness. If we analyse the data received as a result of the experiment, we can see that polluters are mostly concentrated in the deposit which was received as a result of water neutralisation and water clarification. This deposition can subsequently be recycled and used as an organic and mineral fertiliser containing N, P, K, and Na. The clarified water then goes to the next stage of additional purifi cation. The details stated above testify to the fact that the presented method allows reaching a high degree of wastewater purification, being effective and lowcost. 結(jié)論 我們可以看出，現(xiàn)在的污水凈化技術能使我們?nèi)コ渲腥魏蔚?污染物。這些沉淀物隨后 作為富含氮、磷、鉀、納的有機礦物肥料被循環(huán)利