【正文】 which have a rich work of water bodies. This means that control over discharge of sewage water is to be exercised more strictly than usual and foodproducing panies in these regions are to be prevented from polluting the water reservoirs. 食品 企業(yè) 是對資源要求最高的產(chǎn)業(yè)結(jié)構(gòu)之一 ， 因此確保原材料的合理使用顯得尤為重要。 wastewater treatment 關(guān)鍵詞 :食用油生產(chǎn) 污水 ；磷脂；薄層色譜法；污水凈化；污水處理 One of the main tendencies of development of food industry in the 21st century is the creation of useful and healthy products, the socalled functional food products. A specific feature of such products is that they contain ingredients which, besides their traditional nutrient and energys upplying function, also possess a range of specific physiological functions which help human organism to bat negative influence of civilisation. 創(chuàng)造這種有用的、健康的叫做功能性食品 的產(chǎn)品在二十一世紀(jì)成為一種食品工業(yè)上的主要發(fā)展趨勢。 thinlayer chromatography。 Keywords: Cooking oil production wastewater。在該方法的基礎(chǔ)上，對污水的凈化是一個初步澄清分離 污水 中的碳酸鈣，隨后用次氯酸鈉澄清水，再添加中和劑的過程。FOOD INDUSTRY WASTEWATER TREATMENT 食品工業(yè) 污水 處理 Abstract The purpose of the present study is to assess the condition of wastewaters pertaining to the production of cooking oil and to develop an effective and lowcost method for purification of wastewaters and utilisation of other oil productionrelated wastes which would ply with environmental safety requirements. It was made a quality assessment in terms of content of polluting substances of cooking oilproduction wastewater. For identification of fat content (phospholipids) of wastewaters, the thinlayer chromatography method was applied. The basis of the proposed method for purification of wastewaters was a preliminary separation of clarified and neutralized wastewater by dint of calcium carbonate, subsequently sodium hypochlorite for water clarification and its additional neutralization was used. The presented method allows reaching a high degree of wastewater purification, being effective and lowcost. 摘要 本研究的目的是評估 生產(chǎn)食用油 污水 的情況和制定一個有效的、低成本的凈化方法 ，在遵守環(huán)保安全要求的情況下 利用其他含油污水和含油廢棄物，旨在按照質(zhì)量來評價烹調(diào) 產(chǎn)生的油類污水 。其中薄層色譜法應(yīng)用于識別脂肪含量 (磷脂 )的污水。本文所提出的方法可以達(dá)到一個高度凈化 污水 的目的，具有高效、低成本的特點。 phospholipids。 wastewater purification。這種產(chǎn)品的特征是包含了某些材料，除了具有提供傳統(tǒng)養(yǎng)分和能量的功能，還具有一系列獨特的生理功能，有助于人體對抗負(fù)面影響。農(nóng)業(yè)加工行業(yè)的凈價值由原材料和能量支出決定，而且越來越多的決定于原材料的消耗。食品工廠在產(chǎn)品生產(chǎn)和去除環(huán)境中廢物的過程中的主要問題的另一個重要方面是確保生態(tài)安全。在烏克蘭 , 食品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)主要分布在有豐富水體網(wǎng)絡(luò)的西部和西南部。 Ukraine is one of the five main world producers of sunflower. Yearly output of sunflower amounted to more than 4 million tonnes in this year. Only Argentine ( m tonnes) produced more. 烏克蘭是世界五個主要向日葵生產(chǎn)地之一。比阿根廷 (萬噸 )所產(chǎn)生的多得多。這是由于這樣的事實，烏克蘭在國際分工的過程中得到深化，已經(jīng)成為世界領(lǐng)先的向日葵花種子、向日葵花油和燕麥的生產(chǎn)地。 Sunflower oil, alongside other vegetable oils, possesses a number of useful properties which make its consumption a lot more preferable than consumption of animal fat. 向日葵花油與其他植物油一樣，擁有許多有益的特性，比很多動物脂肪消耗的更多。 Extraction method is applied owing to the solubility of fat in organic ether, hexane, and pentane. The fat which is produced in this manner must be cleansed of solvents and the fat is to be refined. 提取方法是 應(yīng)用于溶解性脂肪如有機(jī)醚、環(huán)己烷和 戊烷 。 The oil produced by way of pressing may be refined or not refined. But given the increased usage of chemicals in the agriculture and the deterioration of the environment, the raw materials as well as the oil may contain pesticides, toxic metals, mycotoxins, and carcinogenic benzopyrene. Because of this, scientists and specialists deem it that all kinds of oil must necessarily be subject to refinement whilst raw material is to be subject to sanitary and hygienic control, verifying the presence or absence of these substances. 通過壓榨產(chǎn)生的油可能是精煉的，也有可能不是。 因此， 科學(xué)家們和專家認(rèn)為 這種油必須在安全和衛(wèi)生的控制下精制提純，核實不存在這些物質(zhì)。取決于純化的深度，以下類型食用油被生產(chǎn) : ? nonrefined (cleaned from mechanical admixtures) ? hydrated (cleaned from phosphatides) ? refined nondeodorised (cleaned from phosphatides, free fat acids, colouring agents) ? refined deodorised (refined oil cleaned from aromatic and flavouring substances, pesticides and carcinogens). After the nonrefined oil is separated from the raw material, it is to be filtered or left to settle, so that peelings, particles of seed coats, pulp etc can be removed. The nonrefined oil possesses colour, flavour, and smell which are peculiar to its mother raw material as well as all the corresponding substances (including the biologically active ones) which are native to it. ?未精煉的 (來自機(jī)械壓榨 ) ?水合物 (來自磷脂 ) ?精煉有臭味的 (來自磷脂，游離脂肪酸、著色劑 ) ?精煉無臭味的 (從香料和芳香物質(zhì) ,從殺蟲劑和致癌物質(zhì)清