【正文】 water efflorescence and have an overall negative influence over fauna and flora. For many enterprises of the subject branch, purification of wastewaters presents a serious problem. 烏克 蘭 大部分的食用油生產(chǎn)企業(yè)不能凈化 工業(yè)污水 ， 排放 成千上萬噸的污染物質(zhì) 進入水體。 未精煉的油從原料分離后，是過濾或沉淀下來，以便種皮 ,胚、果肉等可以去掉。 但是使 用化學(xué)物質(zhì)會使農(nóng)業(yè)和環(huán)境惡化， 原材料以及油中可能含有殺蟲劑、有毒金屬、毒素、致癌苯并芘。 With the purpose of further study of ecological influence of production of the cooking oil, assessment of the condition of sewage water, we shall examine the technology of oil production. 我們進一步對生產(chǎn)食用油產(chǎn)生的生態(tài)影響的研究是為了評估污水情況 ,檢查技術(shù)食用油的生產(chǎn)工藝。 In the latest years, Ukrainian vegetable oil market has bee increasingly more integrated into the global vegetable oil market. This is due to the fact that processes of international division of labour get deepened and Ukraine is being one of the world’s leading producers of sunflower seeds, sunflower oil, and groats. 最近幾年，烏克蘭的植物油市場日益融入全球植物油市場。這意味著控制排放的污水要比平時更嚴(yán)格地執(zhí)行來避免食品生產(chǎn)公司在這些 地區(qū)污染水庫。這就可以實現(xiàn)無廢物生產(chǎn)技術(shù)、反復(fù)使用的原材料技術(shù)和使用二次 (再生 )資源技術(shù)的聯(lián)合工業(yè)。 wastewater treatment 關(guān)鍵詞 :食用油生產(chǎn) 污水 ；磷脂；薄層色譜法；污水凈化；污水處理 One of the main tendencies of development of food industry in the 21st century is the creation of useful and healthy products, the socalled functional food products. A specific feature of such products is that they contain ingredients which, besides their traditional nutrient and energys upplying function, also possess a range of specific physiological functions which help human organism to bat negative influence of civilisation. 創(chuàng)造這種有用的、健康的叫做功能性食品 的產(chǎn)品在二十一世紀(jì)成為一種食品工業(yè)上的主要發(fā)展趨勢。 Keywords: Cooking oil production wastewater。FOOD INDUSTRY WASTEWATER TREATMENT 食品工業(yè) 污水 處理 Abstract The purpose of the present study is to assess the condition of wastewaters pertaining to the production of cooking oil and to develop an effective and lowcost method for purification of wastewaters and utilisation of other oil productionrelated wastes which would ply with environmental safety requirements. It was made a quality assessment in terms of content of polluting substances of cooking oilproduction wastewater. For identification of fat content (phospholipids) of wastewaters, the thinlayer chromatography method was applied. The basis of the proposed method for purification of wastewaters was a preliminary separation of clarified and neutralized wastewater by dint of calcium carbonate, subsequently sodium hypochlorite for water clarification and its additional neutralization was used. The presented method allows reaching a high degree of wastewater purification, being effective and lowcost. 摘要 本研究的目的是評估 生產(chǎn)食用油 污水 的情況和制定一個有效的、低成本的凈化方法 ，在遵守環(huán)保安全要求的情況下 利用其他含油污水和含油廢棄物，旨在按照質(zhì)量來評價烹調(diào) 產(chǎn)生的油類污水 。本文所提出的方法可以達到一個高度凈化 污水 的目的，具有高效、低成本的特點。 wastewater purification。農(nóng)業(yè)加工行業(yè)的凈價值由原材料和能量支出決定，而且越來越多的決定于原材料的消耗。在烏克蘭 , 食品生產(chǎn)企業(yè)主要分布在有豐富水體網(wǎng)絡(luò)的西部和西南部。比阿根廷 (萬噸 )所產(chǎn)生的多得多。 Sunflower oil, alongside other vegetable oils, possesses a number of useful properties which make its consumption a lot more preferable than consumption of animal fat. 向日葵花油與其他植物油一樣，擁有許多有益的特性，比很多動物脂肪消耗的更多。 The oil produced by way of pressing may be refined or not refined. But given the increased usage of chemicals in the agriculture and the deterioration of the environment, the raw materials as well as the oil may contain pesticides, toxic metals, mycotoxins, and carcinogenic benzopyrene. Because of this, scientists and specialists deem it that all kinds of oil must necessarily be subject to refinement whilst raw material is to be subject to sanitary and hygienic control, verifying the presence or absence of these substances. 通過壓榨產(chǎn)生的油可能是精煉的，也有可能不是。取決于純化的深度，以下類型食用油被生產(chǎn) : ? nonrefined (cleaned from mechanical admixtures) ? hydrated (cleaned from phosphatides) ? refined nondeodorised (cleaned from phosphatides, free fat acids, colouring agents) ? refined deodorised (refined oil cleaned from aromatic and flavouring substances, pesticides and carcinogens). After the nonrefined oil is separated from the raw material, it is to be filtered or left to settle, so that peelings, particles of seed coats, pulp etc can be removed. The nonrefined oil possesses colour, flavour, and smell which are peculiar to its mother raw material as well as all the corresponding substances (including the biologically active ones) which are native to it. ?未精煉的 (來自機械壓榨 ) ?水合物 (來自磷脂 ) ?精煉有臭味的 (來自磷脂，游離脂肪酸、著色劑 ) ?精煉無臭味的 (從香料和芳香物質(zhì) ,從殺蟲劑和致癌物質(zhì)清洗出來的精煉油 )。 whilst at worst, the wastewater is dep