【正文】 different States: 本公約適用于營(yíng)業(yè)地在不同國(guó)家的當(dāng)事人之間所訂立的貨物銷售合同 (a) when the States are Contracting States。第五，明確了根本違反合同和預(yù)期違反合同的含義以及當(dāng)這種情況發(fā)生時(shí)，當(dāng)事人雙方所應(yīng)履行的義務(wù)。第三，雙方當(dāng)事人可以在合同中明確規(guī)定不適用該公約。全文共 101 條。第一，公約只適用于國(guó)際貨物買賣合同，即營(yíng)業(yè)地在不同國(guó)家的雙方當(dāng)事人之間所訂立的貨物買賣合同，但對(duì)某些貨物的國(guó)際買賣不能適用該公約作了明確規(guī)定。第二，買方的責(zé)任主要表現(xiàn)為兩項(xiàng)義務(wù)：支付貨物價(jià)款；收取貨物。 1988 年公約在達(dá)到法定批準(zhǔn)國(guó)家數(shù)額后正式生效。 經(jīng)由拍賣的銷售 (c) on execution or otherwise by authority of law。一個(gè)建議如果寫明貨物并且明示或暗示地規(guī)定數(shù)量和價(jià)格或規(guī)定如何確定數(shù)量和價(jià)格，即為十分確定 (2) A proposal other than one addressed to one or more specific persons is to be considered merely as an invitation to make offers, unless the contrary is clearly indicated by the person making the proposal. 非向一個(gè)或一個(gè)以上特定的人提出的建議，僅應(yīng)視為邀請(qǐng)做出發(fā)價(jià)，除非提出建議的人明確地表示相反的意 向 Article 15 (1) An offer bees effective when it reaches the offeree. 發(fā)價(jià)于送達(dá)被發(fā)價(jià)人時(shí)生效 (2) An offer, even if it is irrevocable, may be withdrawn if the withdrawal reaches the offeree before or at the same time as the offer. 一項(xiàng)發(fā)價(jià)，即使是不可撤銷的，得予撤回，如果撤回通知于發(fā) 價(jià)送達(dá)被發(fā)價(jià)人之前或同時(shí)，送達(dá)被發(fā)價(jià)人 Article 16 (1) Until a contract is concluded an offer may be revoked if the revocation reaches the offeree before he has dispatched an acceptance. 在未訂立合同之前，發(fā)價(jià)得予撤銷，如果撤銷通知于被發(fā)價(jià)人發(fā)出接受通知之前送達(dá)被發(fā)價(jià)人 (2) However, an offer cannot be revoked: 但在下 列情況下，發(fā)價(jià)不得撤銷 (a) if it indicates, whether by stating a fixed time for acceptance or otherwise, that it is irrevocable。發(fā)價(jià)人以電話、電傳或其它快速通訊方法規(guī)定的接受期間，從發(fā)價(jià)送達(dá)被發(fā)價(jià)人時(shí)起算 (2)Official holidays or nonbusiness days occurring during the period for acceptance are included in calculating the period. However, if a notice of acceptance cannot be delivered at the address of the offeror on the last day of the period because that day falls on an official holiday or a nonbusiness day at the place of business of the offeror, the period is extended until the first business day which follows. 在計(jì)算接受期間時(shí)，接受期間內(nèi)的正式假日或非營(yíng)業(yè)日應(yīng)計(jì)算在內(nèi)。 果當(dāng)事人有一個(gè)以上的營(yíng)業(yè)地，則以與合同及合同的履行關(guān)系最密切的營(yíng)業(yè)地為其營(yíng)業(yè)地，但要考慮到雙方當(dāng)事人在訂立合同前任何時(shí)候或訂立合同 時(shí)所知道或所設(shè)想的情況 (b) if a party does not have a place of business, reference is to be made to his habitual residence. 如果當(dāng)事人沒有營(yíng)業(yè)地，則以其慣常居住地為準(zhǔn) Article 11 A contract of sale need not be concluded in or evidenced by writing and is not subject to any other requirement as to form. It may be proved by any means, including witnesses. 銷售合同無(wú)須以書面訂立或書面證明，在形式方面也不受任何其它條件的限制。 Article 2 This Convention does not apply to sales: 本公約不適用于以下的銷售 (a) of goods bought for personal, family or household use, unless the seller, at any time before or at the conclusion of the contract, neither knew nor ought to have known that the goods were bought for any such use。根據(jù)聯(lián)合國(guó)大會(huì)的授權(quán)，聯(lián)合國(guó)國(guó)際貨物銷售合同會(huì)議于 1980年 3 月 10 日至 4 月 11 日 在奧地利維也納舉行（維也納會(huì)議），共 62 個(gè)國(guó)家的代表出席。 。這些基本原則是執(zhí)行、解釋和修訂公約的依據(jù)，也是處理國(guó)際貨物買賣關(guān)系和發(fā)展國(guó)際貿(mào)易關(guān)系的準(zhǔn)繩。建立國(guó)際經(jīng)濟(jì)新秩序的原則、平等互利原則與兼顧不同社會(huì)、經(jīng)濟(jì)和法律制度的原則。包括合同的形式和發(fā)價(jià)（要約）與接受（承諾）的法律效力。 補(bǔ)充： CISG 聯(lián)合國(guó)國(guó)際貨物銷售合同公約 (the United Nations Convention on Contracts for the International Sale of Goods)。 (3) Neither the nationality of the parties nor the civil or mercial character of the parties or of the contract is to be taken into consideration in determining the application of this Convention. 在確定本公約的適用時(shí)，當(dāng)事人的國(guó)籍和當(dāng)事人或合同的民事或商業(yè)性質(zhì)，應(yīng)不予考慮。 合同的效力，或其任何條款的效力，或任何慣例的效力 (b) the effect which the contract may have on the property in the goods sold. 合同對(duì)所售貨物所有權(quán)可能產(chǎn)生的影響 Article 5 This Convention does not apply to the liability of the seller for death or personal injury caused by the goods to any person. 本公約不適用于賣方對(duì)于貨物對(duì)任何人所造成的死亡或傷害的責(zé)任 Article 6 The parties may e