20xx年醫(yī)學(xué)專題—哈醫(yī)大精品課程營養(yǎng)與食品衛(wèi)生學(xué)第一章營養(yǎng)學(xué)基礎(chǔ)(存儲版)
【正文】 rates. In our bodies, glucose is the preferred source of energy for the brain.,食物中最多的單糖，但不以單獨形式存在，常與其他糖形成雙糖(shuānɡ t225。zu242。,Carbohydrates are one of the three macronutrient types that provide energy to our bodies. Carbohydrates contain carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen. 碳水化合物：屬三大能量(n233。ngli224。y242。nɡ)或多糖的形式存在，葡萄糖優(yōu)先為大腦提供能量。nɡ)）, maltose （麥芽糖）, and sucrose （蔗糖）.,第十二頁，共六十二頁。,哪種雙糖最甜麥芽糖，蔗糖(zh232。,Polysaccharides（多糖(duō t225。,PolysaccharideStarch,Starch: A polysaccharide stored in plants and is the storage form of glucose in plants.（淀粉是葡萄糖在植物中的貯存(zh249。,第二十一頁，共六十二頁。n)）,第二十四頁，共六十二頁。,第二十七頁，共六十二頁。ngdī)結(jié)腸癌的發(fā)病風(fēng)險 May reduce the risk of colon cancer.,While there is still some controversy surrounding this issue, many researchers believe that fiber binds cancercausing substances and speeds their elimination from the colon.,第三十一頁，共六十二頁。,The majority of carbohydrate digestion occurs in the small intestine.,Digestion of carbohydrates in foods (In the small intestine),Pancreatic amylase secreted by the pancreas into the small intestine. Pancreatic amylase continues to digest any remaining starch into maltose（麥芽糖）.,第三十六頁，共六十二頁。,We do not possess enzymes that can break down fiber. Thus, fiber passes through the small intestine undigested and enters the large intestine or colon.,There is no any digested process for fiber。,Amounts of carbohydrate and fat used during the different extent of exercise.,Fat breakdown is a slow process and require oxygen we can break down glucose very quickly either with or without oxygen.,第四十五頁，共六十二頁。,4.機體的構(gòu)成成分(ch233。oji233。,血糖(xu232。ng)指數(shù)的應(yīng)用,指導(dǎo)合理膳食，有效(yǒuxi224。,六、膳食(sh224。nsh237。ng) Function of carbohydrates。抗性淀粉：指健康者小腸中不吸收的淀粉及其降解產(chǎn)物。,小結(jié)(xiǎoji233。,第五十八頁，共六十二頁。,血糖(xu232。nɡ zh232。nɡ) 乳糖不耐癥,第五十一頁，共六十二頁。ng)（Prevent the generation of ketones),Ketoacidosis: A condition in which excessive ketones（酮體） are present in the blood, causing the blood to become very acidic, which alters basic body functions and damages tissues.,Function of carbohydrates,Low carbohydrate intake can lead to ketoacidosis(酮癥酸中毒）,第四十八頁，共六十二頁。gōng)和貯存能量（provide and store energy）,How much？ 4kcal/g.,Some of our cells can also use fat and even protein for energy if necessary. However, our red blood cells can utilize only glucose and our brain amp。,Excess glucose can be transformed and stored as glycogen in liver and muscles. Our liver can store 70g (or 280 calories) of glycogen. Our muscles can normally store about 120 g (or 480 cal) of glycogen.,Transform of carbohydrates in the liver,第三十九頁，共六十二頁。nfěn)） into smaller particles and eventually into the maltose（麥芽糖）.,Di
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