普通心理學(xué)重點doc(存儲版)
【正文】 search method in which data is collected from groups of participants of different ages and pared so that conclusions can be drawn about differences due to age. Five steps of the scientific(研究心理學(xué)科學(xué)方法的五個步驟): Ask a question or identify(鑒定) a a hypothesis（假設(shè)）.Test the hypothesis and collect data.(experiments)Analyze the results of your conclusions. Methods of research(心理學(xué)的研究方法):Naturalistic observation(自然觀察法)Case Study(個案研究法)survey(調(diào)查法)Longitudinal study(縱向研究法)Crosssectional study(橫向研究法)⑥Correlations and explanations(相關(guān)研究和實驗研究)⑦Experiment(實驗法)Chapter 3 Sensation Sensation(感覺):an unelaborated elementary awareness of 。4， Memory is the process by which we encode(編碼),store(存儲) and retrieve(提取) information.,5， Three stages of memory(記憶的三個階段):sensory memory感覺記憶、ShortTerm Memory 短時記憶STM、LongTerm Memory長時記憶LTM6， 艾賓浩斯遺忘曲線ebbinghaus,s forgetting curve 的特點：（1）大多數(shù)遺忘出現(xiàn)在學(xué)習(xí)后一小時之內(nèi)；（2）遺忘的速度不是恒定的，而是先快后慢,最后逐漸穩(wěn)定下來；（3）重新學(xué)習(xí)要比第一次學(xué)習(xí)容易。 奧爾波特的人格特質(zhì)結(jié)構(gòu)圖 cardinal traits(首要特質(zhì)) individual traits(個人特質(zhì)) central traits(中心特質(zhì))Trait Secondary traits(次要特質(zhì)) Common traits(共同特質(zhì)) Surface traits表面特質(zhì)卡特爾人格因素理論 Source traits根源特質(zhì) 艾森克的三因素模型(three factor model):外傾性（extraversion）表現(xiàn)為內(nèi)外傾的差異神經(jīng)質(zhì)（neuroticism）表現(xiàn)為情緒穩(wěn)定性的差異精神質(zhì)（psychoticism）表現(xiàn)為孤獨、冷酷、敵視、怪異等偏于負(fù)面的人格特征。Chapter 9 Personality Personality(人格): is the characteristic patterns of behavior, thought, and emotion that determine a person’s adjustment to the 、思想和情感的特征模式，決定了個體對環(huán)境的適應(yīng)能力。basic ponent in the formation of a 。 What is our vestibular sense?SenseStimulus（刺激）Sense Organ（感覺器官）Receptor（感受器）Sensation（感覺）SightLight wavesEyeRods and cones of retinaColors,patterns,textures motion,depth in spaceHearingSound waveEarHair cells located in inner earNoises,tonesSkin sensationsExternal（外部） contact(接觸)Sk
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