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much to represent observed historical fact real Amazonian societies but rather to offermoral lessons on the supposed oute of women39。Learn后面帶著兩個以that引導的賓語從句,中間以分號和and分開,可以把分號以后的句子看成是and it may e as a shock to mathematicians to learn that的省略形式。然而,在考試現(xiàn)場去數(shù)句子的數(shù)目,是只有呆子才會干的事,讀者們惟一要干的事就是反復閱讀這句話,什么時候練到不必去想其語法結(jié)構(gòu)就能按原文順序讀懂,才算初步掌握;再進一步把它讀順,直到你看不出這個句子有什么特別的地方,看上去還挺舒服就算訓練成功。 難句類型:復雜修飾、插入語、省略解釋:本句子的中間一段impressed with the functional similarites between insect and vertebrate societies and less so with the structural differences容易令人看暈,其中的insect and vertebrate societies and less so with由兩個and連接了三個部分,然而它們其實不是同一層次的并列,第一個and實際上是between insect societies and vertebrate societies的一部分,是并列的,而and之后的less so with其實是對于一個完整的表達方式I have been increasingly less impressed with的省略形式,去掉了與前面重復的成分。 does this technique provide a counterpoint to the prevalent theme that portrays the fate against which Black heroes are pitted , a theme usually conveyed by more naturalistic modes of expression ? (5)不僅如此,有些黑人小說(比如JT的甘蔗)的風格接近與表現(xiàn)主義和超現(xiàn)實主義;這種技巧是否為流行的主題提供了一個和諧的對應呢?這種主題刻畫了黑人注意與之相抗爭的命運,這是一個通常用更為自然主義的表現(xiàn)手法所表達的主題。 難句類型:倒裝解釋:在以bringing開頭的作狀語的分詞中出現(xiàn)了倒裝,bring A to B被倒裝為bring to B A,其倒裝的原因仍是為了避免頭重腳輕,正常的語序應該如下:bringing some fascinating and littleknown works like James Weldon johnson39。韋爾登。意群訓練:Although fiction assuredly springs from political circumstances,its authors react to those circumstances in ways other than ideological,and talking about novels and stories primarily as instruments of ideology circumvents much of the fictional enterprise.22. Is this a defect,or are the authors working out of,or trying to forge,a different kind of aesthetic? (3)這究竟是一種缺陷呢,還是這些作者想要按照一種與眾不同的美學體系進行創(chuàng)作,抑或是在試圖創(chuàng)立一種與眾不同的美學體系?難句類型:插入語解釋:本句的句子既短,意思也不難理解,但插入語(or trying to forge)的干擾作用卻極強。意群訓練:However, as they gained cohesion, the Bluestocking came to regard themselves as a women39。whereas前面共有六個句子,由the physicist作主語的主句;由since引導的原因狀語從句,修飾since從句中主語an augument的由that引導的定語從句,此定語從句中的條件狀語從句only if it is precise。不過在本書中,出現(xiàn)的句子均以閱讀訓練為目的,所以讀者仍要把句子的結(jié)構(gòu)讀清楚。此詞既有據(jù)信、被認為的意思,也有預期的意思,還有表示貶義的假想的被想當然的意思。句子中有一個生詞holistic,其實即使不認識,也能用合理化原則猜出它是后面serial的反義詞、parallel的同義詞,大約是統(tǒng)一、完整或同時的意思;其實只要能理解到其是與serial相反的意思即可。但是,初學者會對這個分句中的something be abandoned in favor of something else這種語言表達感到突然,如果理解成因為喜后者而拋棄了前者,雖然也能說得通,但是其實原文從來沒有這種因果關(guān)系,in favor of強調(diào)的是這兩種動作的同時性;拋棄了前者,而轉(zhuǎn)向后者,namely之后的內(nèi)容是前面的opposing view的同位語。難句類型:復雜修飾、雙重否定解釋:前半個分句中有一個雙重否定,was never rigidly disproved,這種表示法用中文說出來還是比較好懂的,原因是我們熟悉中文的這種表示法,但在英文中出現(xiàn),因為在以前的學習中見得少,所以感覺上很別扭。解釋:即使是初練難免的人其實也很熟悉such thing as something這樣的語言方式,可是當中間的小東西thing居然變成了一個長達十二個單詞的大東西的時候,實在令人搞不清后面的as及其后的something 到底為哪方神圣。意群訓練:Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged the transmission ofand so was crucial in sustainingthe Black heritage of folklore,music,and religious expression from one generation to another,a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences. 8. This preference for exogamy,Gutman suggests, may have derived from West African rules governing marriage,which,though they differed from one tribal group to another,all involved some kind of prohibition against unions with close kin. (3+)難句類型:復雜修飾、插入語譯文:古特曼表示,這種對于外部通婚的偏愛很有可能緣起于西部非洲制約著婚姻的規(guī)定,盡管這些規(guī)定在一個和另一個部落群體之間不盡相同,但都涉及到某種對近親聯(lián)姻(union with close kin)的禁止。其中的body fluids, oxidative和resynthesis通過字面的意思或者根據(jù)詞頭、詞根我們還是應該猜出其意思的,lactic acid, metabolism和muscle這三個詞在生物類文章中極其常用,大家應該背下來;而glycogen這種東西則沒辦法,只能作一個首字母提煉。Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics,since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.4. As she put it in The Common Reader , “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote 。s weakenss derived from his apparent inability to control the ings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energyetic and risky ones.3. Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been ignored by the critics,since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist concerned with examining states of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. (5)難句類型:復雜修飾、省略、抽象詞譯文:(Virginia Woolf)在創(chuàng)作《黛洛維夫人》(Mrs. Dalloway)時有關(guān)其創(chuàng)作意圖的這番發(fā)人深思的陳述,迄今為止一貫為文學評論家們所忽略,因為它突出反映了她諸多文學興趣中某一方面,而這一方面則與人們對“詩性”小說家(poetic novelist)所形成的傳統(tǒng)見解大相徑庭。 難句類型:倒裝、省略a本句的正常語序應當是:That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendnts an individuall will have and hence the number of gene copies transmited will be sex ratio之后的以which引導的修飾它的定語從句,如果按照以上語序,則有頭重腳輕之感。注意:貴在堅持。這是初學古文的人的做法,真正看古文書的人不會這么讀的。rationbemaximizewillmaximizescopieswillwhich高級:直接讀;查查能力:大腦容量+抗干擾能力第三類:倒裝:由于應該放在句首的成分太長,因此倒裝到句末。artfeel高級:直接讀,見后。essential. theitself例:The我曾經(jīng)到網(wǎng)上去看過那些東西,往往結(jié)構(gòu)簡單,句子流暢,絕不難讀。同時避免發(fā)聲閱讀,克服內(nèi)心的聲音和喉頭與嘴唇的顫動,關(guān)鍵是:要點二:眼睛在閱讀材料上移動的速度要比自己在心中或喉頭出生閱讀的速度要快b、 不回視訓練:保證第一遍閱讀時的高度注意力,避免回視,關(guān)鍵是:要點三:在閱讀文章時,都要注意整句的回視現(xiàn)象,堅持一遍就都下來c、 合理化訓練:根據(jù)文章中得上下文的邏輯推理,將不懂得地方進行合理推理。原則一:迅速讀懂原則二:利用語法、不靠語法即在Gre中,考生永遠也不需要再考場上分析一句話的語法成分,也不要想這句話有沒有語法錯誤,考生的唯一任務就是現(xiàn)場迅速的讀懂文章。實際上,對于英語語法得學習,包括對英文單詞的中文釋意的記憶和對英語句子得中文翻譯,都只是我們學習英語的輔助工具;我們最終的目的,是為了提高對英語的實際使用能力。句子,作為任何閱讀文章最基本的閱讀單位,其重要性不言而喻。因此,對文學評論性文章比較害怕的同學們下一番功夫攻克GRE難句,就顯得更為重要了。abeingthat分析:主語:The第二類:大段的插入與或同位語,打斷讀者的思路,割裂前后之間的語義,造成理解的困難。ininterpretations,rathersexnumberhenceofhenceof但是如果在長句中出現(xiàn),特別是如果與以上三種之一甚至幾種同時出現(xiàn),也會給同學們帶來很大的困難。Gre難句的典型結(jié)構(gòu) 長成分1)、長從句做主語、賓語及其他成分a、 主語從句b、 賓語從句2)、長狀語3)、層層修飾4)、并列成分 常見倒裝搭配(1)、及物動詞加介詞:固定詞組的固定搭配中,經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)倒裝情況,如:bring A to B,寫作:bring to B A例:Yet Waltzer’s argument , however deficient , does point to one of th