【正文】 應(yīng)當(dāng)是：That sex ratio which maximizes the number of descendnts an individuall will have and hence the number of gene copies transmited will be sex　ratio之后的以which引導(dǎo)的修飾它的定語(yǔ)從句，如果按照以上語(yǔ)序，則有頭重腳輕之感。所以原文將此長(zhǎng)長(zhǎng)的從句倒裝成謂語(yǔ)will be favored之后。b在which引導(dǎo)的從句中，有兩處省略：第一處在maximize的第一個(gè)賓語(yǔ)the number of descendants that an individuall will have中，　an individuall will have是修飾descendants的定語(yǔ)從句，但是，因?yàn)閐escendants在從句中作have的賓語(yǔ)，所以引導(dǎo)詞that可以省略。第二處省略是在第二個(gè)the number of 之前，省略了與前面一樣的成分that sex ratio which maximizes. And hence在此表示后面的成分作為前面“最大化一個(gè)個(gè)體的后代的數(shù)目的”結(jié)果。意群訓(xùn)練：That sex ratio will be favored which maximizes the number of　descendants an individual will have and　hence the number of gene copies　transmitted.2. Hardy’s weakness derived from his apparent inability to control the ings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energetic and　risky ones. （3）難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、省略、抽象詞譯文：哈代的缺陷一方面緣起于他的某種明顯的無(wú)能，無(wú)法控制好那結(jié)不盡相同的創(chuàng)作沖動(dòng)的穿梭往來(lái)；另一方面緣起于他不愿意去培養(yǎng)和維持那些富于生機(jī)活力和風(fēng)險(xiǎn)性強(qiáng)的創(chuàng)作沖動(dòng)。 解釋?zhuān)航樵~from的賓語(yǔ)有兩個(gè)并列的部分，由and所連接，在and之后的第二個(gè)from前，省略了前面一樣的謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞derive。本句之所以難，有兩個(gè)原因，一是derived from 后面的成分太長(zhǎng)，初學(xué)者難以一下子看下來(lái)；二是作為一篇文科文章，用詞抽象，難以迅速理解。意群訓(xùn)練：Hardy39。s weakenss derived from his apparent inability to control the ings and goings of these divergent impulses and from his unwillingness to cultivate and sustain the energyetic and risky ones.3. Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been　ignored by the critics，since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist concerned with examining states　　of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness. （5）難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、省略、抽象詞譯文：（Virginia Woolf）在創(chuàng)作《黛洛維夫人》（Mrs. Dalloway）時(shí)有關(guān)其創(chuàng)作意圖的這番發(fā)人深思的陳述，迄今為止一貫為文學(xué)評(píng)論家們所忽略，因?yàn)樗怀龇从沉怂T多文學(xué)興趣中某一方面，而這一方面則與人們對(duì)“詩(shī)性”小說(shuō)家（poetic novelist）所形成的傳統(tǒng)見(jiàn)解大相徑庭。所謂的“詩(shī)性”小說(shuō)家，所關(guān)注的是審視想入非非和白日夢(mèng)幻的諸般狀態(tài)，并致力于追尋個(gè)體意識(shí)的通幽曲徑。 解釋?zhuān)罕揪涠禾?hào)以前只有復(fù)雜修飾的長(zhǎng)主語(yǔ)有些難，但總的來(lái)講比較好懂，since引導(dǎo)的原因狀語(yǔ)從句較難。A、 since之后的it指前面的statement，highlight的賓語(yǔ)an aspect之后有兩個(gè)修飾成分，一個(gè)是of her literary interests，　另一個(gè)是以that引導(dǎo)的定語(yǔ)從句that is very different from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist，都是修飾an aspect的。Novelist后面又有由and 連接的兩個(gè)介詞結(jié)構(gòu)concerned with doing 修飾novelist.B、 句中有兩處省略，一是在her literary interests that is very different from當(dāng)中，修飾interests的定語(yǔ)從句中引導(dǎo)詞＋be that is 一起省略了。第二處在and之后，由于concerned with與前面的concerned with重復(fù)，所以concerned被省略。C、 本句另外一個(gè)難懂的地方，就是使用了大量的抽象詞。這是文學(xué)市評(píng)論題材的文章的一個(gè)特點(diǎn)。Virginia Woolf’s provocative statement about her intentions in writing Mrs. Dalloway has regularly been　ignored by the critics，since it highlights an aspect of her literary interests very different from the traditional picture of the poetic novelist concerned with examining states　　of reverie and vision and with following the intricate pathways of individual consciousness.4. As she put it in The Common Reader , “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote 。 and yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore .”（5）抽象詞、抽象詞組、比喻就像她在《致普通讀者》一書(shū)中所表達(dá)的那樣，“盡管可以毫無(wú)疑問(wèn)的說(shuō)，沒(méi)有任何法律被指定出來(lái)，也沒(méi)有任何高樓大廈被建立起來(lái)是因?yàn)閱疼耪f(shuō)了什么或者寫(xiě)了什么；然而，當(dāng)我們讀它的書(shū)的時(shí)候，我們身上每一個(gè)毛孔都充滿(mǎn)了道德”這句話(huà)不但用了詞抽象，還用了比喻的修辭手法。是指沒(méi)有因?yàn)閱疼诺难哉摱a(chǎn)生任何實(shí)際的行為規(guī)則或政治機(jī)構(gòu)，但我們受其影響之深，以及其影響力之大。As she put it in The Common Reader , “It is safe to say that not a single law has been framed or one stone set upon another because of anything Chaucer said or wrote 。 and yet , as we read him , we are absorbing morality at every pore .”5. With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis .（4+）難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)、專(zhuān)有名詞譯文：隨著爆發(fā)出來(lái)的運(yùn)動(dòng)的結(jié)束，再體液中乳酸含量會(huì)變得很高，使得大型動(dòng)物處于容易受到攻擊的狀態(tài)，直到乳酸通過(guò)有氧新陳代謝，被肝臟轉(zhuǎn)化成（convert into）葡萄糖，而葡萄糖接下來(lái)又會(huì)（部分）傳送回肌肉中重新合成糖原 。解釋?zhuān)罕揪渲行揎棾煞謽O多，以分詞修飾和介詞結(jié)構(gòu)修飾為主，作各種類(lèi)型的狀語(yǔ)。前面的狀語(yǔ)和主句還好理解，從leaving開(kāi)始句子變難；leaving引導(dǎo)的直到句末的結(jié)構(gòu)來(lái)做整個(gè)句子的狀語(yǔ)；分詞中又包含了三個(gè)狀語(yǔ)，其中的兩個(gè)via oxidative metabolism by the liver又起到了插入語(yǔ)的作用，把be converted into拆成兩段。 本句的另外一個(gè)特征是其中充斥著專(zhuān)有名詞。其中的body fluids, oxidative和resynthesis通過(guò)字面的意思或者根據(jù)詞頭、詞根我們還是應(yīng)該猜出其意思的，lactic acid, metabolism和muscle這三個(gè)詞在生物類(lèi)文章中極其常用，大家應(yīng)該背下來(lái)；而glycogen這種東西則沒(méi)辦法，只能作一個(gè)首字母提煉。但是請(qǐng)記住，GRE和GMAT文章中只要出現(xiàn)了這種專(zhuān)有名詞，出題者是一定會(huì)在文章中把它在文章中所乃至的詞義解釋清楚的，所以讀者遇到文章中做了解釋的專(zhuān)有名詞，應(yīng)該力求把解釋看懂。意群訓(xùn)練：With the conclusion of a burst activity , the lactic acid level is high in the body fluids , leaving the large animal vulnerable to attack until the acid is reconverted , via oxidative metabolism , by the liver into glucose , which is then sent (in part )back to the muscles for glycogen resynthesis .6. Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves’ preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy. （3+）難句類(lèi)型：插入語(yǔ)譯文：雖然古特曼承認(rèn)，由于奴隸買(mǎi)賣(mài)而造成的被迫離散甚為頻繁，但他還是證明，奴隸的偏愛(ài)——在那些奴隸買(mǎi)賣(mài)并不頻繁的種植園上被最為顯著地揭示出來(lái)——在很大程度上側(cè)重于穩(wěn)定的一夫一妻制（monogamy）。 解釋?zhuān)罕揪渲胁迦胝Z(yǔ)的使用revealed most clearly on plantations where sale wa infrequent, 后半個(gè)分句中的主語(yǔ)that slaves39。 preference與系動(dòng)詞was離得太遠(yuǎn)，造成閱讀的困難。意群訓(xùn)練：Although Gutman admits that forced separation by sale was frequent，he shows that the slaves’ preference，revealed most clearly on plantations where sale was infrequent，was very much for stable monogamy.7. Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged　the transmission ofand so was crucial in sustainingthe Black heritage of folklore，music，and religious expression from one generation to another，a heritage that slaves were continually fashioning out of their African and American experiences. （4）難句類(lèi)型：復(fù)雜修飾、插入語(yǔ)譯文：古特曼人令人信服地論辨道，黑人家庭的穩(wěn)定有助于包括民間傳說(shuō)、音樂(lè)、及宗教表達(dá)在內(nèi)的黑人文化遺產(chǎn)一代一代傳遞下去，因而在維持文化遺產(chǎn)方面也起著至關(guān)重要的作用，而對(duì)于這種文化遺產(chǎn)，黑奴們不斷地從其非洲和美洲的經(jīng)歷中予以豐富發(fā)展。 解釋?zhuān)河蓆hat引導(dǎo)的賓語(yǔ)從句中，encouraged的賓語(yǔ)the transmission of the Black heritage被同時(shí)表示并列和轉(zhuǎn)折的and so 分開(kāi)，給讀者造成了閱讀上和理解上的困難。最后一個(gè)逗號(hào)后面的部分是修飾前面的black heritage的同位語(yǔ)。意群訓(xùn)練：Gutman argues convincingly that the stability of the Black family encouraged　the transmission