【正文】 already outdated society.譯文：那么教育體制在過去幾十年中受到嚴厲的批評，就不那么令人感到驚訝了，批評者的部分根據(jù)是，這種教育培養(yǎng)人們在一種已過時的社會中生存。要點：句子的框架是it is … surprising … that education system have … been … criticized, … on the ground that …。it 是形式主語，真正的主語是that引導的主語從句，而主語從句又包含了that引導的同位語從句that education prepares people to live in an already outdated society 作介詞詞組on the ground 中ground的同位語，ground這里的意思是“根據(jù)”。 are strong grounds for thinking that the health of both individuals and societies derives from what we’re able to put into life, rather than what we try to get out of it.要點：句子的框架是there are … grounds for thinking that the health… derives from what …, rather than what…。介詞結構for thinking …中包含了that引導的賓語從句作分詞thinking的賓語；而這個賓語從句中又包含了兩個并列的介詞賓語從句：a. what we’re able to put into life。 b. what we try to get out of it. 兩個賓語從句由rather than連接。譯文：至于個人和社會的健康可以以這樣的理由來衡量，我們對生活能夠付出多少而不是我們能向生活取得多少。11. It therefore bees more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.12. Experts are debating whether we should burden young children with mental putation, or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts.13. The announcement by Boeing that it has decided to scrap plans to build a futuristic, highspeed plane called the sonic cruiser brings an end to one of the most imaginative – and some say quixotic – projects in recent aerospace engineering14. A religious sect that contends that space travelers created the human race by cloning themselves declared Friday that the first cloned human had been born, but it offered few details and no evidence to support the claim. no such effect had been detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments that physicists had devised: the velocity （速度）of light did not vary.1115答案 11. It therefore bees more and more important that, if students are not to waste their opportunities, there will have to be much more detailed information about courses and more advice.譯文：因此，如果要使學生充分利用他們（上大學）的機會，就得為他們提供大量關于課程的更為詳盡的信息，做更多的指導。這個問題顯得越來越重要了。要點：句子的框架是it … bees … that, if …, there will have to be…。it是形式主語，that引導的主語從句是句子的真正主語，在that從句中，if引導了條件狀語從句。12. Experts are debating whether we should burden young children with mental putation, or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts.譯文：我們應該用心算來增加孩子們的負擔，還是應該鼓勵他們使用計算器來減輕其繁重的學習任務，使他們不再費神去理解（抽象的）數(shù)學概念，專家們對此尚未達成一致。要點：句子的框架是experts are debating whether we should …, or encourage…。句子的主語部分是experts are debating …，而whether … or … 引導了賓語從句作謂語動詞are debating的賓語。其中burden…with…是“使…背上負擔”之意；在后半句or encourage the use of calculators to relieve children of hard work and free their minds to understand math concepts 中，兩個并列的不定式短語to relieve … of …和to free…to understand …作目的狀語。另外，詞組relieve somebody of something指“減輕…”。13. The announcement by Boeing that it has decided to scrap plans to build a futuristic, highspeed plane called the sonic cruiser brings an end to one of the most imaginative – and some say quixotic – projects in recent aerospace engineering.譯文：波音公司宣布放棄修建一種名叫“音速游艇”的新潮、高速飛機的計劃，這一決定使近年來航空工程中最富想象力—還有人稱純屬空想的計劃落了空。要點：句子的框架是the announcement… that is has decided… brings an end to …。主語the announcement后面跟了一個that引導的同位語從句，在that從句中，動詞不定式短語to build… called the sonic cruiser作plan的后置定語，而不定式短語中的過去分詞短語called the sonic cruiser作plane的后置定語；破折號之后的and some say是插入語。14. A religious sect that contends that space travelers created the human race by cloning themselves declared Friday that the first cloned human had been born, but it offered few details and no evidence to support the claim.譯文：一個宣稱人類是由外星人克隆而成的邪教組織于星期五宣布第一個克隆人已出生，但它沒有談及過多細節(jié)，也沒有提供任何證據(jù)。要點：句子的框架是a religious sect… declared … that …, but it offered…。這個句子中，由but連接了兩個并列分句。在前一個分句中，由that引導的定語從句that contends that… by cloning themselves修飾先行詞a religious sect，而定語從句中又包含了that引導的賓語從句作動詞contends的賓語。 no such effect had been detected in any of the ingenious and delicate experiments that physicists had devised: the velocity （速度）of light did not vary.譯文：然而在任何物理學家所進行過的精細巧妙的實驗中，都沒有發(fā)現(xiàn)這種影響：光速沒有變化。要點：定語從句的結構是簡單的主謂賓結構，翻譯成前置的定語詞組。16. If the probe takes, say, 100 years to make a copy of itself, then the average speed at which all probes would spread throughout the galaxy （星系）would be about 1/25th the speed of light17. But such troubles is confined mainly to the railways on which the current is picked up from a third rail rather than from overhead conductors.18. As brighter areas of the image eject more electrons than the darker or shaded portions, an electronic image is produced in which varying degrees of positive charge duplicate light intensities seen in the scene being pictured.19. To kill weed which may sprawl rampantly among crops in the first several years, effective weedicide is needed to play the same role as ploughing fields does to eliminate weed.20. At a large terminal railway station, the work of the station master is largely administrative because of the extent of the operations and the staff of which he is in mand.1620答案 16. If the probe takes, say, 100 years to make a copy of itself, then the average speed at which all probes would spread throughout the galaxy （星系）would be about 1/25th the speed of light.譯文：如果探測體需要，比如說，100年時間來生成自己的副體，那么所有探測體傳遍整個星系的平均速度大約為光速的1/2517. but such troubles is confined mainly to the railways on which the current is picked up from a third rail rather than from overhead conductors.譯文：但是，這樣的問題主要局限于從第三軌而不是從高架線得到電力的那些鐵路上。要點：在限制性定語從句中有一個固定短語rather than，我們還是把它翻譯成稍復雜的帶“的”的定語從句。18. As brighter areas of the image eject more electrons than the darker or shaded portions,