【正文】 with Kismet. Subjects ranged in age from 12 to 28 years old. Two male and two female subjects participated. In each case, the subject was simply asked to carry on a “play” conversation with the robot. The exchanges were video recorded for later analysis and annotated according to Table 1. The subjects were told that the robot neither speaks nor understands English, but babbles in a characteristic manner. Due to space limitations here, only a small portion of the protodialog carried out by Subject C (a female subject) is presented in Appendix A. The time codes are those that appear on the videotape used to record the sessions. A turn is defined with respect to the speaker who holds the floor and consists of four phases: acquire the floor (Aq), start the utterance (St), stop the utterance (Sp), and relinquish the floor (Rq). The speaker may also hold the floor (Hd), ., maintain their speaking role during a silent pause.在原對話框里面探討“使命”的話輪轉(zhuǎn)換表現(xiàn)，我們邀請了四個自然主體與“使命”互動。一個回合就誰擁有地板揚聲器的定義包括四個階段：獲取地板（AQ） ，啟動話語（ST） ，停止話語（SP） ，并且放棄地板（RQ） 。他們也希望機器人在他們說完后立即回應(yīng)。例如，當它們準備好說話，機器人會提示人們輪流講話時伸長脖子向前，抬起眉毛，或建立目光接觸。盡管如此，隨著交換收益，受試者更可能等到被提示要結(jié)束對話。Video analysis of these human–robot “conversations”, provide evidence that 《計算機專業(yè)英語》課程論文16people entrain to the robot (seeTable 2). They often start to use shorter phrases, wait longer for the robot to respond, and more carefully watch the robot’s turntaking cues. For instance, the robot prompts the person to take their speaking turn by either craning its neck forward, raising its brows, or establishing eye contact when it is ready for them to speak. It will hold this posture for a few seconds until the person responds. Often, within a second of this display, the subject does so. When the subject stops speaking, Kismet tends to lean back to a neutral posture, assume a neutral expression, and perhaps shift its gaze away from the person. This cue indicates that the robot is about to speak. The robot typically issues one utterance, but it may issue several. Noheless, as the exchange proceeds, the subjects are more likely to wait until prompted by the relinquish turn display.這些人–機器人“對話”的視頻分析提供的證據(jù)表明，人喜歡機器人（見表 2） 。評價標準如下： 《計算機專業(yè)英語》課程論文15? Do people intuitively read and naturally respond to Kismet’s social cues?? Can Kismet perceive and appropriately respond to these naturally offered cues?? Does the human adapt to the robot, and the robot adapt to the human, in a way that benefits the interaction? Specifically, is the resulting interaction natural, intuitive, and enjoyable for the human。由于空間的限制，只有主體 C（女性主體）進行的原對話的一小部分是出現(xiàn)在附錄 A 中。? 結(jié)束演講：提高眉毛和/或稍微向前傾斜。然而，人類似乎是直觀的讀取“使命”的線索和使用他們來對合作伙伴的交流進行調(diào)節(jié)。會話的節(jié)奏和韻律是靈活的，強大的攝動，并通過對話者相互調(diào)節(jié)。三自由度機器人的目光直接控制，另外三頭的方向，其余 15 將其面部特征（例如，眼瞼，眉毛，嘴唇，和耳朵） 。3. Our sociable robot, Kismet 我們的交際機器人，使命This remainder of this paper focuses on the last paradigm, robot as sociable creature. We highlight a few core attributes of sociable robots by means of a small case study—the design and evaluation of the vocal turntaking behavior of our robot, Kismet (see Fig. 1). One does not use Kismet to perform a task. Instead, Kismet is designed to be a robotic creature that can interact physically, affectively, and socially with humans in order to ultimately learn from them. Accordingly, our robot is designed to elicit interactions with the human that afford rich learning potential. We have endowed Kismet with a substantial amount of infrastructure that we believe will enable the robot to leverage from playful, infantlike interactions to foster its social development.本論文的剩余部分集中關(guān)注最后的范式機器人作為交際性生物。他們在交際方面是被動的，然而，它能回應(yīng)人們的努力，與之互動，但是它不積極與人互動，來滿足其內(nèi)部的交際需求。因為這類機器人有價值的社會行為只在交流，使人往往認為機器人是膚淺的交際模式（如果有）和交際行為往往是先罐裝或反射。這是很常見在培育新型杠桿產(chǎn)生一個有趣的相互作用的玩具（例如，tomogotchis 和各種各樣的機器人“寵物” ） 。然而，我們以狗作為例子，它在一定意義上是一種社會智能的物種，雖然他們的交際的復(fù)雜性是低于人類的。 ）你可以想象一下各種交際機器人的子類談吐不凡的樣子。We argue that people will generally apply a social model when observing and interacting with autonomous robots. Autonomous robots perceive their world, make decisions on their own, and perform coordinated actions to carry out their tasks. As with living things, their behavior is a product of its internal state as well as physical laws. Augmenting such selfdirected, creaturelike behavior with the ability to municate with, cooperate with, and learn from people makes it almost impossible for one to not anthropomorphize them (., attribute human or animallike qualities). We refer to this class of autonomous robots as social robots,1 ., those that people apply a social model to in order to interact with and to understand. 我們認為，人們在觀察和自主機器人的相互作用時一般會運用交際模型。2. Paradigms of social robots 交際機器人的樣式 It is important to recognize that humans are a profoundly social species. Our socialemotional intelligence is a useful and powerful means for understanding the behavior of, and for interacting with, some of the most plex entities in our world—people and other living creatures [12]. Faced with nonliving things of sufficient plexity (., when the observable behavior is not easily understood in terms of its underlying mechanisms), we often apply a social model to explain, understand, and predict their behavior as well [15]. For instance, we are all familiar that people anthropomorphize all sorts of technologies (., cars, puters, etc.). The studies of Premack and Premack [14] show that people attribute mental states (., intents, beliefs, feelings, desires, etc.) to describe the behavior of interacting shapes on a screen. Even Braitenberg [4] often uses such mentalistic terms to describe the behavior of his ingenious vehicles. Right or wrong, people rely on social models (or fluidly switch between using a social model with other mental models) to make plex behavior more familiar and understandable and more intuitive with which to intera